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This video is adapted from 10.3390/ani13132079
This research investigates how CSN1S1 and LALBA gene polymorphisms influence milk production and quality in Czech Simmental and Holstein cows. The study reveals that these genetic variants significantly impact fat, protein, and milk yields—but only in the second lactation, with no observable effects in the first. Non-genetic factors, particularly farm management practices, consistently affect production outcomes, while breed differences influence yield but not technological properties. Notably, lactose content serves as a reliable indicator of udder health. The findings highlight the complex interplay between genetics, environmental factors, and dairy performance—offering valuable insights for optimizing milk quality and herd management.