Encyclopedia
Researchers utilize the LightGBM (light gradient boosting machine) classifier to perform feature selection for the prediction. By using this approach, researchers demonstrate that the key features are the standard deviations of electricity purchased between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. and electricity consumed between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Next, by using k-means clustering researcehrs split the households based on the obtained features into three groups. Finally, by using statistical hypothesis testing, researchers prove that these three groups have statistically distinct levels of energy-saving awareness. This model enables us to detect eco-friendly households from their energy data, which may support energy policymaking [1].
29 Jan 2024
A group picture of AMR lab members of Prof. Dr. Md. Tanvir Rahman, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University. The picture was taken during the annual International Conference of the Bangladesh Society for Veterinary Education and Research (BSVER).
10 Jul 2023
During my PhD project, organolithium chemistry filled my dutties almost every week. Their striking yellow-reddish colours were (and still are) fascinating to see.
24 Jul 2023
Octopuses are intriguing marine creatures renowned for their exceptional intelligence, capable of solving complex puzzles and exhibiting curiosity. Their mesmerizing talent for rapid camouflage, achieved through specialized skin cells, enables them to seamlessly blend into their surroundings and escape predators or ambush prey. With three hearts pumping copper-rich blue blood, octopuses efficiently oxygenate their bodies, and their boneless, flexible bodies allow them to navigate through tight spaces. Despite their relatively short lifespans, octopuses are dedicated parents, guarding their eggs until hatching, often at the cost of their own lives. Their ink defense mechanism creates a cloud of confusion for would-be predators, granting them a swift getaway. Additionally, octopuses can regenerate lost limbs, showcasing their remarkable adaptability and resilience in the underwater realm.
10 Oct 2023
Frequency of using of chemical elements in high-entropy alloys accordinh to Scopus data to period of 2010–2022 (shown as vertical lines with corresponding numbers, elements used less than 10 times shown without numbers). [1]
30 May 2024
The paper titled "The Impact of Wearable Technologies on Marginal Gains in Sports Performance: An Integrative Overview on Advances in Sports, Exercise, and Health" presents a comprehensive review of wearable technologies in sports. It aims to provide an integrative overview of how wearable devices contribute to marginal gains in athletic performance.
Key Points:
Purpose: The paper reviews the impact of wearable technologies on sports performance, focusing on how they can lead to marginal gains for athletes and coaches.
Classification of Wearables: The paper categorizes wearable devices into three main types:
Location-Based Wearables (LBW): Track movement and location using GPS, accelerometers, etc. Useful for analyzing training patterns and preventing injuries.
Biometric Wearables (BMW): Monitor physiological data like heart rate, sleep quality, and body temperature to track fitness levels and signs of overtraining.
Performance Wearables (PMW): Measure performance metrics such as power output, speed, and distance to optimize training and track progress.
Applications: The paper highlights the use of wearables in various aspects of sports performance, including:
Training intensity: Helps athletes avoid overtraining by monitoring heart rate and other metrics.
Recovery: Tracks sleep quality and other recovery-related metrics to optimize recovery strategies.
Nutrition and Technique: Assists in logging dietary intake and identifying areas for improvement in technique.
Limitations: Discusses the limitations of wearables, such as accuracy, validity, reliability, interpretability, and cost. Despite these challenges, wearable technologies are seen as valuable tools for improving athletic performance.
Future Directions: The paper suggests that wearable technology will continue to evolve, with advancements in sensor technology and AI contributing to more accurate and comprehensive athletic monitoring and sports analytics.
This review ultimately indicates that wearable technologies can significantly enhance sports performance, marking a notable advancement in athletic monitoring and sports science.[1]
18 Sep 2024
Mechanisms of action of sunitinib (VEGF-tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and mechanisms of drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma.
Sunitinib is a small molecule TKI, inhibiting activation of VEGF-R and PDGF-R, blocking intracellular pathways mediating cellular growth and angiogenesis. Mechanisms of resistance include upregulation of HIF pathways to stimulate angiogenesis and subsequent tumor growth. Lysosome sequestration of sunitinib contributes to reduced drug efficacy and resistance. Pro-angiogenic factors are inhibited by ICI-mediated anti-angiogenic therapy, which contributes to hypoxia. VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; VEGF-R, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PDGF-R, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; AKT, protein kinase B.
28 Sep 2023
Noble-metals are stable only in their zero-valent state, consequently noble-metal cations can oxidize organic molecules like alcohols to get in their zero-valent state. Alcoholic reduction is the simplest 'chemie douce' technique available to produce metallic colloids. In this process, a vicinal-diol is preferred as reducing agent because its reducing capability is stronger than that of simple alcohols. Ethylene glycol is the typical polyol used for the noble-metal cation reduction, and it is used in combination with a polymeric surface stabilizing agent, like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The polymeric stabilizing agent side-groups adsorb on the electrophilic surface of metal particles and avoid particle aggregation by steric stabilization; in addition, the stabilizing agent favors the cation reduction process because it forms coordination-complexes with the zero-valent noble-metal atoms that get closer and easily precipitate. When a large amount of a non-solvent liquid for PVP (like anhydrous acetone) is added to the noble metal colloidal suspension at the end of the reaction, a metal-polymer nanocomposite is generated by co-precipitation of PVP and metal nanoparticles. These PVP-embedded metal clusters are ‘model systems’ that can be very usefully used to study the nanoscopic properties of nano-sized metals, like the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spin-glass transition, and many other physical phenomena characterizing the nano-world. The reducing ability of polyols significantly increases with rising of temperature and therefore also some transition metals like copper, cobalt [1], nickel, etc. can be obtained by the polyol process (in this case, a refluxing high boiling point glycol, like dietylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol is used) with or without the use of a stabilizing agent.
13 Nov 2023
Life cycle of Flaviviridae as represented by the dengue virus.
Jennifer Matthews, Wikimedia Commons
22 Feb 2024
Several strategies have been developed for preparing freestanding noble-metal aerogels with high specific surface area; a very simple approach is based on the combustion of metal clusters embedded in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) [1]. In particular, this noble-metal/PVP solid system is prepared by co-precipitation with acetone of a metal colloid (e.g., silver colloid), that has been obtained by reduction of a noble-metal salt (e.g., silver nitrate, AgNO3) with ethylene glycol in presence of PVP [2]. A very critical factor of such preparative approach is represented by the metallic filler percentage in the precursor system. Indeed, the metallic percentage must be conveniently low for allowing neighbor particles to coalesce together (sintering process) generating a fibrous morphology, during the polymeric matrix elimination process by combustion. In particular, when the metal content is close to ca. 5% by weight, a continuous and uniform highly porous 3D network of silver is generated. Spherical metal nanoarticles aggregate in form of short filaments (i.e., nanoparticle chains with necklace-like structures), which randomly interconnect together, thus producing a trees-like morphology (arborescent structure). Owing to the very good electrical conductivity of noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) and the extremely high porosity of these metallic aerogels, they result very adequate for technological applications where a high current density value is required, like for example electrodes for supercapacitors, current collectors, hydrogen sensors, etc. Also very effective heterogeneous catalysts can be prepared by this quite general approach (e.g., palladium aerogels [3]).
31 May 2024
Uncover the world of Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) with our latest infographic! Explore banned substances, their effects on the body, potential side effects, and real-life cases. Learn how these drugs impact athletic performance and the ongoing efforts to combat their misuse. Stay informed and understand the risks of PEDs in sports and beyond.
Encyclopedia Editorial Office
09 Sep 2024
Researchers take 100mL of sample with 100mL of water, after filtering researchers add the solution of bromophenol blue + 50% NH4OH which gives the color blue and researchers add 20mL HCl N/10 + 15mL HCl 1.6 pH so the solution must be yellow.
29 May 2023
Spider silk represents a blend of nature's engineering prowess and human ingenuity. As research progresses, its potential to contribute to sustainable practices and innovative technologies becomes increasingly promising.
Encyclopedia Editorial Office
31 Oct 2024
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of diatomite (regularly porous materials of natural origin).
29 Nov 2023
The scheme proposed for the synthesis of nanoproducts extracellularly by using secreted products of Trichoderma is shown [1]. Through the scientific extrapolation of the mentioned literature, and through noting the role of these metabolites in increasing the nanoparticles (NPs) properties toward plant pathogens, researchers can assume that active metabolites secreted from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma are responsible for capping off the NPs in the process of synthesis and provide more stable and safe nanomaterials in a sustainable way.
12 Sep 2023
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-micrograph showing the microstructure of a natural clinoptilolite sample. The clinoptilolite crystals are 40 nanometer thick.
03 Nov 2023
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph of dendritic structures generated by magnetite nano-particles embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [1].
30 Nov 2023
Image captured from Xflow postprocessing for vortices behind C130H at 160 m/s speed.
18 Jul 2023
Thiol-derivatized gold nanoparticles have been prepared by alcoholic reduction of AuCl4- in presence of PVP, followed by PVP replacement with thiol
19 Jul 2023
