Encyclopedia
Soybean cotyledons inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes produce genetically modified roots [1][2][3]. These particular roots are co-overexpressing several transcription factor genes that positively regulate the biosynthesis of the anticancer phytoalexin metabolite named glyceollin I.
31 Mar 2023
Kidney disease is called a ‘silent disease’ as there are often few or no symptoms. In fact, you can lose up to 90 per cent of your kidneys’ functionality before experiencing any symptoms.
24 Jul 2024
Hildegard is the author of “Causa et Curae” (Reasons and treatment of diseases), a medieval compilation of knowledge about plants, including the medicinal use of duckweeds. Sculpture by Karlheinz Oswald, 1998, in front of Eibingen Abbey St. Hildegard, Germany.
15 Aug 2023
The Arc de Triomphe is surrounded by gates inscribed with the names of 386 generals who followed Napoleon's expeditions and 96 victorious battles, and the history of French battles between 1792 and 1815 is inscribed on the gates. The 12 avenues of the Paris city centered on the Arc de Triomphe.
Jingjing Wu
13 Feb 2023
5-level Taxonomy of AR-supported instructional methods in STEM fields & respective student roles.
26 Feb 2024
Carrageenan, a polysaccharide derived from red seaweeds, is commonly used to induce inflammation in animal models for studying inflammatory diseases. Its pro-inflammatory effects involve several key mechanisms:
Activation of the Immune System: Carrageenan stimulates local immune cells, particularly macrophages, leading to an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
Disruption of Epithelial Barrier: It causes damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier, increasing intestinal permeability and facilitating the entry of pathogens and toxins, which exacerbates inflammation.
Production of Inflammatory Mediators: Carrageenan enhances the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, contributing to inflammation and pain.
Modulation of Signaling Pathways: It affects important signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK, which are crucial in regulating the inflammatory response.
These mechanisms make carrageenan a valuable tool for studying inflammatory processes and evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments in animal models.
23 Aug 2024
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be categorized into several classes based on their composition and structure. Metallic nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver) are used in imaging, drug delivery, and antimicrobial applications. Polymeric nanoparticles are formed from biodegradable polymers like PLGA and are often employed in drug delivery systems due to their controlled release properties. Lipid-based nanoparticles, including liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, are widely used for encapsulating drugs and enhancing bioavailability. Inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., silica, quantum dots) are used in diagnostics and biosensing. Lastly, carbon-based nanoparticles (e.g., fullerenes, graphene) have applications in drug delivery, imaging, and electronics.
26 Aug 2024
Do you really understand penguins? Come take a look and discover the lesser-known aspects of these fascinating creatures.
24 Jul 2024
Schematic drawing of a virion of the genus Orbivirus in different views. Non enveloped, icosahedral, non-turreted virion with a triple capsid structure, about 80 nm in diameter. The intermediate capsid has a T=13 icosahedral symmetry, the inner capsid a T=2* icosahedral symmetry.
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wikimedia Commons
23 Feb 2024
Tiemenguan was built in The Three Kingdoms Period. For hundreds of years from The Three Kingdoms Period to the early Tang Dynasty, Tiemenguan was an important military fortress in Wuhan after many fierce battles.
13 Feb 2023
This photo was made with some experimental liquids as milk, water paint and oil. I’ve made this with a friend and we had so much fun doing it. The surprise of the reactions thought the different material was both charming and changeling. I truly recommend everyone to try something like this, let’s share the different results. Have fun using this picture.
Filipe Joel
11 Aug 2023
The gate of Harbin Engineering University. Located in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, the university covers an area of 1.403 million square meters, with a building area of 1.137 million square meters.
13 Feb 2023
This experimental painting features swirls of black, grey, purple, and white paints. As the paints began to dry, I took this closeup. The technique I use to create this kind of paint texture is called “fluid art,” and it relies on mixing a variety of mediums into acrylic paints to influence how they interact. I’ll use materials like glue, isopropyl alcohol, liquid silicone, and a butane torch.
Adrien Converse
31 Aug 2023
Cobalt particles have been prepare by chemical reduction of a cobalt salt (CoCl2) by refluxing ethylene glycol. The beauty of a system made of many particles is related to the size distribution and the shape of the particles. In particular, a beautiful particle system is obtained with monodispersed systems and with shapes of regular geometry (e.g., spheres, triangles, rods). The shown cobalt nanoparticle sample seems to satisfy these characteristics.
15 Dec 2023
After separated from hippocampus of fetal mouse brains, mouse primary neurons were cultured in vitro for 21 days and stained with antibody against microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2), which is a marker for mature neurons.
08 Aug 2023
This is a picture about Dr Hayden at his Joel 1400 TEM Scope.
18 Jul 2023
Medical illustration of clindamycin-resistant group B Streptococcus bacteria.
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
11 Aug 2023
"Ancient Mithila University was famous for the study of Nyaya Shastra.”
31 Jul 2023
Sea turtle is a general term for Marine turtles of the family Chelonia and the family Leatherback. Adults are primarily herbivorous with the majority of their diet consisting of seagrasses, algae, and seaweed. They are also known to opportunistically prey on jellyfish, crustaceans and starfish.
Jingjing Wu
23 Feb 2023
