Summary

HandWiki is the world's largest wiki-style encyclopedia dedicated to science, technology and computing. It allows you to create and edit articles as long as you have external citations and login account. In addition, this is a content management environment that can be used for collaborative editing of original scholarly content, such as books, manuals, monographs and tutorials.

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List of Gliders (A)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sobi2
Sobi2 (formerly written as SOBI2) is the abbreviation of Sigsiu Online Business Index 2. Sobi2 is a free of charge open source web directory component and content construction kit (CCK) for the Joomla! content management system (CMS). Sobi2 is written in the programming language PHP, also makes use of Javascript and requires the MySQL database environment for storage. It is best suited for low to medium-level traffic web-sites. Sobi2's development has been discontinued in 2011, when its successor, SobiPro comes out. Sobi2 was listed in the Joomla! Extensions Directory until all extensions for Joomla! 1.5 were removed in 2013. The listing still can be found in the Web Archive. As a component for Joomla! (up to version 1.5), Sobi2 made it possible to run and manage a directory in a Joomla! website. Sobi2 has features that made it stand out from other directory components at that time. It could be used as a web directory or as a directory to physical locations, like golf courses. It has a built-in integration with Google Maps (API key from Google is required). Sobi2 was built with a modular concept, where additional functionality was added via plug-ins. The Joomla extensions directory listed over 80 plug-ins for Sobi2 at that time.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Meanings of Minor Planet Names: 1–1000
As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars several times a year. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "SBDB". New namings may only be added after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned by the Committee on Small Body Nomenclature.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chemical File Format
A chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically to depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format, which is similar to Structure Data Format (SDF) files. They are text files that represent multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields. The XYZ file format is a simple format that usually gives the number of atoms in the first line, a comment on the second, followed by a number of lines with atomic symbols (or atomic numbers) and cartesian coordinates. The Protein Data Bank Format is commonly used for proteins but is also used for other types of molecules. There are many other types which are detailed below. Various software systems are available to convert from one format to another.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dugout Canoe
A dugout canoe or simply dugout is a boat made from a hollowed tree. Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (μονόξυλον) (pl: monoxyla) is Greek -- mono- (single) + ξύλον xylon (tree) -- and is mostly used in classic Greek texts. In German, they are called Einbaum ("one tree" in English). Some, but not all, pirogues are also constructed in this manner. Dugouts are the oldest boat type archaeologists have found, dating back about 8,000 years to the Neolithic Stone Age. This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than, e.g., bark canoes. Along with bark canoe and hide kayak, dugout boats were also used by indigenous peoples of the Americas.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Public Order Act 1986
The Public Order Act 1986 (c 64) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It creates a number of public order offences. They replace similar common law offences and parts of the Public Order Act 1936. It implements recommendations of the Law Commission.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Prenuptial Agreement
A prenuptial agreement, antenuptial agreement, or premarital agreement (commonly referred to as a prenup), is a written contract entered into by a couple prior to marriage or a civil union that enables them to select and control many of the legal rights they acquire upon marrying, and what happens when their marriage eventually ends by death or divorce. Couples enter into a written prenuptial agreement to supersede many of the default marital laws that would otherwise apply in the event of divorce, such as the laws that govern the division of property and retirement benefits and savings, and the right to seek alimony (spousal support) with agreed-upon terms that provide certainty and clarify their marital rights. A premarital agreement may also contain waivers of a surviving spouse’s right to claim an elective share of the estate of the deceased spouse. In some countries, including the United States , Belgium and the Netherlands, the prenuptial agreement not only provides for what happens in the event of a divorce, but also to protect some property during the marriage, for instance in case of a bankruptcy. Many countries, including Canada , France , Italy, and Germany , have matrimonial regimes, in addition to, or some cases, in lieu of prenuptial agreements. Postnuptial agreements are similar to prenuptial agreements, except that they are entered into after a couple is married. When divorce is imminent, postnuptial agreements are referred to as separation agreements.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alcohol Belts of Europe
The alcohol belts of Europe divide Europe by their traditional alcoholic beverages: beer, wine, or spirits. They do not necessarily correspond with current drinking habits, as beer has become the most popular alcoholic drink world-wide. The definitions of these belts are not completely objective.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lie's Theorem
In mathematics, specifically the theory of Lie algebras, Lie's theorem states that, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, if [math]\displaystyle{ \pi: \mathfrak{g} \to \mathfrak{gl}(V) }[/math] is a finite-dimensional representation of a solvable Lie algebra, then [math]\displaystyle{ \pi(\mathfrak{g}) }[/math] stabilizes a flag [math]\displaystyle{ V = V_0 \supset V_1 \supset \cdots \supset V_n = 0, \operatorname{codim} V_i = i }[/math]; "stabilizes" means [math]\displaystyle{ \pi(X) V_i \subset V_i }[/math] for each [math]\displaystyle{ X \in \mathfrak{g} }[/math] and i. Put in another way, the theorem says there is a basis for V such that all linear transformations in [math]\displaystyle{ \pi(\mathfrak{g}) }[/math] are represented by upper triangular matrices. This is a generalization of the result of Frobenius that commuting matrices are simultaneously upper triangularizable, as commuting matrices form an abelian Lie algebra, which is a fortiori solvable. A consequence of Lie's theorem is that any finite dimensional solvable Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0 has a nilpotent derived algebra (see #Consequences). Also, to each flag in a finite-dimensional vector space V, there correspond a Borel subalgebra (that consist of linear transformations stabilizing the flag); thus, the theorem says that [math]\displaystyle{ \pi(\mathfrak{g}) }[/math] is contained in some Borel subalgebra of [math]\displaystyle{ \mathfrak{gl}(V) }[/math].
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  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
German Interracial Marriage Debate (1912)
thumb|right|German colonies in Africa, 1884–1919. German Pacific colonies not shown The May 1912 Reichstag debate on interracial marriage was the most significant and explicit discussion of (colonial) racial biopolitics on a national level in the German Empire before World War I. It served as a preparation for the legal regulation of such marriages in the German colonial empire and of the status of children from such unions. It is evidence of the racial-political ideas of German political parties at the time and also of the precursors of the more aggressive racism of the interwar period. The debate can be seen as part of an international tendency at the time to strengthen the barriers between the colonisers and the colonised.
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  • 25 Oct 2022
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