Summary

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 continues nearly 18 months later to present significant challenges to health systems and public health in both hemispheres, as well as the economies of every country. The morbidity and mortality of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been significant, and various waves of disease outbreaks initially overwhelmed many hospitals and clinics and continue to do so in many countries. This influences everyone, and public health countermeasures have been dramatic in terms of their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This entry collection aims to gather diverse fields about COVID-19, including in epidemiology, public health, medicine, genetics, systems biology, informatics, data science, engineering, sociology, anthropology, nursing, environmental studies, statistics, and psychology.

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Entries
Topic Review
Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making
COVID-19 has negatively affected public health, crippled economies, and transformed social and business environments across the globe. The pandemic has intensified the precariousness of work and the challenge of managing employee performance. There is a convincing need for organizations to develop strong and supportive management and leadership systems, particularly for frontline workers given their atypical and straining work conditions. To do so, it is prudent for managers to continuously interact and engage with these employees to offer emotional support and encouragement, address any issues of concern, and demonstrate care for these workers and their families. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Marine Resources for the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant
In November of 2021, a recently evolved variant of SARS-CoV-2, omicron, was discovered. In just one month, omicron has spread to more than 89 countries resulting in a rapid rise in cases and a new wave of infections. With over 46 mutations, omicron brings concern to the public health and may be able to infect at a greater capacity than previous strains. Although able to infect double vaccinated and previously infected individuals, the booster vaccine may prove promising. However, more research is needed to fully elucidate the key function of each mutation and to better develop effective drugs. Marine resources may be a promising drug discovery avenue to investigate. Through viral entry blockade and preventing viral replication and protein synthesis, metabolites produced from marine organisms may be promising against the evolving SARS-CoV-2.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Development Goals in the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Sustainable Development Goals are a global call to action to end poverty, close the gender gap, protect the planet, and improve the lives of people around the world. In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted 17 goals as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out a plan to achieve the goals in 15 years. However, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has been a turning point in the achievement of these goals, due to all its consequences at the political, economic, and socio-cultural levels.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Association between Air Pollutant and COVID-19 Confirmed Cases
The COVID-19 pandemic raises awareness of how the fatal spreading of infectious disease impacts economic, political, and cultural sectors, which causes social implications. Across the world, strategies aimed at quickly recognizing risk factors have also helped shape public health guidelines and direct resources; however, they are challenging to analyze and predict since those events still happen. 
  • 907
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Resistance Training for People with COVID-19
Among different physical exercise models that might help to prevent and treat COVID-19-related conditions, resistance training (RT) might be particularly relevant. Among its benefits, RT can be adapted to be performed in many different situations, even with limited space and equipment, and is easily adapted to an individual’s characteristics and health status.
  • 862
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Motivations of Young Women Volunteers during COVID-19
Volunteering work has played a major role in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.  In addition to personal, motivators behind the act of volunteering, with a greater dominance of normative motivations such as the call of the homeland and philanthropy. The influence of the collectivist culture in shaping the normative motivations behind volunteering among these women was visible, and there was also an influence of religion and religious values.
  • 876
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Diagnosis
The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the causative agent of which is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the common cold, including fever, sore throat, cough, muscle and chest pain, brain fog, dyspnoea, anosmia, ageusia, and headache.
  • 2.3K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Using Learning Gain to Evaluate Undergraduate Business Education
During the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the globe replaced in-person teaching, with online teaching, because of widespread campus shutdowns. Through the application of a pre-existing learning gain model, it was possible to review the learning of one cohort of students receiving in-person teaching, and then the next cohort of students on the same course receiving the online teaching. Overall, a drop in perceived learning was reported from the cohort of students receiving online teaching. For female students, the most significant drop in learning related to practical understanding, whereas for male students, the most significant drop in learning related to theoretical knowledge.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Victims of Cyberbullying during COVID-19
In Chile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of cyberbullying victimization increased for adolescents and younger adults. Cyber-victims—adolescents and young adults alike—are at greater risk for mental health problems such as depression as a result of this negative type of aggression. Cyberbullying victimization has negative consequences for mental health across ages. In Chile, during the pandemic, there were increasing reports of this behavior, which is connected with mental health. Thus, the need for prevention programs in the school and other contexts is significant.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Mathematics Anxiety at different schooling conditions during COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented changes in the educational system, requiring students to continually switch between distance and in-person learning conditions. During the second wave of COVID-19, 405 students, recruited from twelve middle schools of Catania province (Italy), completed an online version of the MeMa questionnaire, answering each item twice and imagining themselves to be, respectively, in distance and in-person learning conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jul 2022
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