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Topic Review
Zinc Dyshomeostasis and Parkinson’s Disease
Zinc and other heavy metals have received considerable attention in neurodegenerative diseases because of their cytotoxicity. The role of zinc in the pathogenesis of PD is not straightforward because of its numerous and complex function. Both deficiency and excess of zinc have been incriminated in the development of the disease, though overwhelming evidence favor the later mechanism.
  • 803
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Deficiency
Zinc deficiency is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range. However, since a decrease in the serum concentration is only detectable after long-term or severe depletion, serum zinc is not a reliable biomarker for zinc status. Common symptoms include increased rates of diarrhea. Zinc deficiency affects the skin and gastrointestinal tract; brain and central nervous system, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems. Zinc deficiency in humans is caused by reduced dietary intake, inadequate absorption, increased loss, or increased body system use. The most common cause is reduced dietary intake. In the U.S., the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 8 mg/day for women and 11 mg/day for men. The highest concentration of dietary zinc is found in oysters, meat, beans, and nuts. Increasing the amount of zinc in the soil and thus in crops and animals is an effective preventive measure. Zinc deficiency may affect up to 2 billion people worldwide.
  • 911
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Zinc Complexes as Anticancer Agents
The search for anticancer metal-based drugs alternative to platinum derivatives could not exclude zinc derivatives due to the importance of this metal for the correct functioning of the human body. Zinc, the second most abundant trace element in the human body, is one of the most important micro-elements essential for human physiology. Its ubiquity in thousands of proteins and enzymes is related to its chemical features, in particular, its lack of redox activity and its ability to support different coordination geometries and to promote fast ligands exchange. Analogously to other trace elements, the impairment of its homeostasis can lead to various diseases and in some cases can be also related to cancer development. However, zinc complexes generally exert lower toxicity in comparison to other metal-based drugs and many zinc derivatives have been proposed as antitumor agents. Among them zinc complexes  comprising  N-donor ligands have been surveyed and analyzed. 
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Zinc Coating
Advanced high strength galvanized steel sheet has been one of the dominant materials of modern automotive panels because of its outstanding mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The zinc coating thickness of hot dip galvanized steel sheet is only about 10–20μm, which is a discarded object on the macro level. However, it is obvious to damage and impact on stamping performance. Therefore, this work takes zinc coating as the research object and builds its mechanical constitutive model based on a nano-indentation test and dimensional analysis theory. We separated the zinc coating from the galvanized steel substrate and constructed a sandwich material model by introducing a cohesive layer to connect the zinc coating and the steel substrate. We obtained the interface binding energy between the zinc coating and the steel substrate through the nano-scratch test. The accuracy of the model is verified by the finite element analysis of hemispherical parts. We used the five-layers element model with 0 thickness cohesive layer to simulate the zinc coating damage of galvanized steel sheet. The hemispherical part drawing experiment is used to verify the feasibility of the finite element analysis results. The results demonstrate that it is more accurate to consider the finite element numerical simulation of the zinc coating, introducing the cohesive element to simulate damage between the coating and the substrate. Drawing depth, stamping force, and the strain of the numerical simulation are closer to the experimental results.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Zinc and Selenium Mitigate Abiotic Stresses in Plants
Abiotic stress factors are considered a serious threat to various growth parameters of crop plants. Stressors such as drought, salinity, and heavy metals (HMs) hamper the chlorophyll content in plants, resulting in low photosynthesis, hinder the integrity of cell membranes, reduce biomass, and overall growth and development of crops which ultimately results in the sharp decline of crop yield. Under such stressful conditions, various strategies are employed to overcome hazardous effects. Application of Zinc (Zn) or Selenium (Se) in different forms is an effective way to alleviate the abiotic stresses in plants. Zn and Se play a pivotal role in enhancing the chlorophyll level to improve photosynthesis, reducing oxidative stress by limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, controlling HMs absorption by plant roots and their accumulation in the plant body, maintaining homeostasis, and alleviating all the detrimental effects caused by abiotic stress factors.
  • 776
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Zinc and Health
Zinc is a redox-inert trace element that is second only to iron in abundance in biological systems. In cells, zinc is typically buffered and bound to metalloproteins, but it may also exist in a labile or chelatable (free ion) form. Zinc plays a critical role in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ranging from structural to catalytic to replication to demise. 
  • 526
  • 17 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Zinc and Dog Food
Zinc is an essential trace element, required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions. As body reserves are scarce, an adequate zinc status relies on proper dietary supply and efficient homeostasis. Several biomarkers have been proposed that enable the detection of poor zinc status, but more sensitive and specific ones are needed to detect marginal deficiencies. The zinc content of commercial dry dog foods has great variability, with a more frequent non-compliance with the maximum authorized limit than with the nutritional requirement. The bioavailability of dietary zinc also plays a crucial role in ensuring an adequate zinc status. 
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Zinc and Breast Cancer Survival
Zinc is an essential mineral incorporated into at least 300 enzymes, and is involved in numerous signaling pathways important for, e.g., cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and redox regulation. Zinc has been reported in preclinical studies to trigger an interplay of G protein estrogen receptor with insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) and epidermal growth factor receptor, which results in the activation of important transduction pathways and biological responses such as proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells.
  • 391
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Zinc and autophagy in AMD
Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Zinc
Zinc is an important micronutrient and is required for cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, and development. It takes part in the maintenance of homeostasis, DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, cell division, and activation. It is also involved in immune responses, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and aging. Its deficiency was found to increase the levels of lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial and microsomal membrane and the osmotic fragility of the erythrocyte membrane.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Dec 2020
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