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Topic Review
Selecting Suitable Battery Technologies for Untethered Robots
Energy storage is one of the major barriers to achieve long-duration autonomy in robots. This entry evaluates the capabilities of relevant battery technologies, taking into consideration the requirements of different applications in robotics. We also discuss additional technologies that can be used to overcome the inherent limitations of the most common battery chemistries.
  • 410
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Techniques Supply Chain Risk Prediction Systems
The term “supply chain” (SC) refers to the network of interconnected human, mechanical, activity, resource, and technical nodes involved in the creation and distribution of a product. It includes everything from the initial supply of raw materials or partially completed goods to the producer to the final delivery of the service or commodities to the final consumer or client. To ensure a continued supply of goods and resources, competent management of supply chain activities is required. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, have significantly affected the usual flow of products and commodities, including necessities such as personal protective equipment (PPE), medical facial masks, ventilation supplies, and ventilatory assistance. Such circumstances may impair the smooth passage of commodities between divisions. As a result, it is obvious that acquiring this expertise will aid in dealing with these challenges.
  • 259
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biometrics Mobile Authentication
Touch screen devices have evolved rapidly in recent years as demand and manufacture have skyrocketed. While smartphone capability continues to grow, progress in security has stagnated. This increasing gap between smartphone ability and security poses a significant problem. Physiological biometrics involve the unique physical characteristics of an individual such as their face, fingerprints, or iris. Behavioral biometrics involve how a person interacts with their device such as their typing, swiping, or tapping patterns. Biometrics authentication applies the user’s unique biological or behavioral features to phone security, which is more difficult to replicate by attackers in comparison to knowledge-based authentication.
  • 253
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology
Starting from the need for emergency rescue information transmission in tunnel engineering accidents focuses on researching and solving the technical problems of information transmission between rescue personnel and trapped personnel after tunnel engineering collapse accidents, before and during the rescue process.
  • 288
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
CovC-ReDRNet
Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, over 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally, according to the World Health Organization. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus carried by COVID-19 patients can be identified though the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test with high accuracy, clinical misdiagnosis between COVID-19 and pneumonia patients remains a challenge. Therefore, researchers developed a novel CovC-ReDRNet model to distinguish COVID-19 patients from pneumonia patients as well as normal cases. ResNet-18 was introduced as the backbone model and tailored for the feature representation afterward.
  • 310
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Infant Cry Signal Diagnostic System
Early diagnosis of medical conditions in infants is crucial for ensuring timely and effective treatment. However, infants are unable to verbalize their symptoms, making it difficult for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose their conditions. Crying is often the only way for infants to communicate their needs and discomfort. The different combination of the fused features is then fed into multiple machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and deep neural network (DNN) models. The evaluation of the system using the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, showed promising results for the early diagnosis of medical conditions in infants based on the crying signals only, where the system achieved the highest accuracy of 97.50% using the combination of the spectrogram, harmonic ratio (HR), and Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCCs) through the deep learning process. 
  • 242
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Piano Performance in Unimodality and Multimodality
With the rise in piano teaching in recent years, many people have joined the ranks of piano learners. However, the high cost of traditional manual instruction and the exclusive one-on-one teaching model have made learning the piano an extravagant endeavor. Most existing approaches, based on the audio modality, aim to evaluate piano players' skills. These methods overlook the information contained in videos, resulting in a one-sided and simplistic evaluation of the piano player's skills.
  • 275
  • 09 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence as a Disruptive Technology
The greatest technological changes in our lives are predicted to be brought about by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Together with the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and several others, AI is considered to be the most disruptive technology, and has impacted numerous sectors, such as healthcare (medicine), business, agriculture, education, and urban development.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification
Convolutional neural networks learn directly from data and are widely used for image recognition and classification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been considered one of the best machine learning algorithms to analyze grid-like structured data, such as images. 
  • 330
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Abstractive vs. Extractive Summarization
Due to the huge and continuously growing size of the textual corpora existing on the Internet, important information may go unnoticed or become lost. At the same time, the task of summarizing these resources by human experts is tedious and time consuming. This necessitates the automation of the task. Natural language processing (NLP) is a multidisciplinary research field, merging aspects and approaches from computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics; it deals with the development of processes that semantically and efficiently analyze vast amounts of textual data. Text summarization (TS) is a fundamental NLP subtask, which has been defined as the process of the automatic creation of a concise and fluent summary that captures the main ideas and topics of one or multiple documents.
  • 670
  • 07 Jul 2023
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