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Topic Review
Set Notation
Sets are fundamental objects in mathematics. Intuitively, a set is merely a collection of elements or members. There are various conventions for textually denoting sets. In any particular situation, an author typically chooses from among these conventions depending on which properties of the set are most relevant to the immediate context or on which perspective is most useful.
  • 525
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Divide and Conquer Algorithm
In computer science, divide and conquer is an algorithm design paradigm based on multi-branched recursion. A divide and conquer algorithm works by recursively breaking down a problem into two or more sub-problems of the same or related type, until these become simple enough to be solved directly. The solutions to the sub-problems are then combined to give a solution to the original problem. This divide and conquer technique is the basis of efficient algorithms for all kinds of problems, such as sorting (e.g., quicksort, merge sort), multiplying large numbers (e.g. the Karatsuba algorithm), finding the closest pair of points, syntactic analysis (e.g., top-down parsers), and computing the discrete Fourier transform (FFTs) . Understanding and designing divide and conquer algorithms is a complex skill that requires a good understanding of the nature of the underlying problem to be solved. As when proving a theorem by induction, it is often necessary to replace the original problem with a more general or complicated problem in order to initialize the recursion, and there is no systematic method for finding the proper generalization. These divide and conquer complications are seen when optimizing the calculation of a Fibonacci number with efficient double recursion . The correctness of a divide and conquer algorithm is usually proved by mathematical induction, and its computational cost is often determined by solving recurrence relations.
  • 525
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Multisource Fusion UAV Cluster Cooperative Positioning
Due to the functional limitations of a single UAV, UAV clusters have become an important part of smart cities, and the relative positioning between UAVs is the core difficulty in UAV cluster applications. Existing UAVs can be equipped with satellite navigation, radio navigation, and other positioning equipment, but in complex environments, such as urban canyons, various navigation sources cannot achieve full positioning information due to occlusion, interference, and other factors, and existing positioning fusion methods cannot meet the requirements of these environments. Therefore, demand exists for the real-time positioning of UAV clusters. Aiming to solve the above problems, multisource fusion UAV cluster cooperative positioning using information geometry (UCP-IG), which converts various types of navigation source information into information geometric probability models and reduces the impact of accidental errors is proposed, and the Kullback–Leibler divergence minimization (KLM) fusion method to achieve rapid fusion on geometric manifolds and creatively solve the problem of difficult fusion caused by different positioning information formats and parameters is presented.
  • 525
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Stereo Matching Algorithm
With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology and computer hardware, the stereo matching algorithm has been widely researched and applied in the field of image processing. In scenarios such as robot navigation and autonomous driving, stereo matching algorithms are used to assist robots in acquiring depth information about the surrounding environment, thereby improving the robot’s ability for autonomous navigation during self-driving.
  • 525
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Food Image Dataset and Segmentation Model
The development of vision-based dietary assessment (VBDA) systems. These systems generally consist of three main stages: food image analysis, portion estimation, and nutrient derivation. The effectiveness of the initial step is highly dependent on the use of accurate segmentation and image recognition models and the availability of high-quality training datasets. Food image segmentation still faces various challenges, and most existing research focuses mainly on Asian and Western food images. 
  • 525
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Preventing Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases
With the growing concern about the spread of new respiratory infectious diseases, several studies involving the application of technology in the prevention of these diseases have been carried out. Among these studies, it is worth highlighting the importance of those focused on the primary forms of prevention, such as social distancing, mask usage, quarantine, among others. This importance arises because, from the emergence of a new disease to the production of immunizers, preventive actions must be taken to reduce contamination and fatalities rates.
  • 524
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
CyberGenomics
Cybersecurity (CS) field is a complex discipline with multiple layers. We deconstruct the CS specialist as a material (naturally/ genetically determined) and non-material (psychologically determined) entity. This entity is mapped to CS competences required to conduct everyday tasks where psychological factors are also present (e.g. stress). All the structural prerequisites for the development and functioning of the psyche are genetically coded and controlled. Behavior genetics addresses the interdisciplinary effort to establish causal links between genomic loci and human behavioral traits and neural mechanisms. Almost every human behavioral trait is a result of many genome variants in action altogether with environmental factors. Cybergenomics focuses on contextualizing the behavior genetics aspects in the application of cybersecurity.
  • 524
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 524
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Physics of the Future
Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100 is a 2011 book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, author of Hyperspace and Physics of the Impossible. In it Kaku speculates about possible future technological development over the next 100 years. He interviews notable scientists about their fields of research and lays out his vision of coming developments in medicine, computing, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and energy production. The book was on the New York Times Bestseller List for five weeks. Kaku writes how he hopes his predictions for 2100 will be as successful as science fiction writer Jules Verne's 1863 novel Paris in the Twentieth Century. Kaku contrasts Verne's foresight against U.S. Postmaster General John Wanamaker, who in 1893 predicted that mail would still be delivered by stagecoach and horseback in 100 years' time, and IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson, who in 1943 is alleged to have said "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." Kaku points to this long history of failed predictions against progress to underscore his notion "that it is very dangerous to bet against the future".
  • 524
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Nehru Memorial Museum & Library
The Nehru Memorial Museum & Library (NMML) is a museum and library in New Delhi, India , which aims to preserve and reconstruct the history of the Indian independence movement. Housed within the Teen Murti House complex, it is an autonomous institution under the Indian Ministry of Culture, and was founded in 1964 after the death of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. It aims to foster academic research on modern and contemporary history. Today, the Nehru Memorial Library is the world’s leading resource centre on India’s first prime minister. Its archives contain the bulk of Mahatma Gandhi's writings, as well as private papers of C. Rajagopalachari, B. C. Roy, Jayaprakash Narayan, Charan Singh, Sarojini Naidu and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. In March 2010 it launched a digitization project of its archives, and by June 2011, 867,000 pages of manuscripts and 29,807 photographs had been scanned and 500,000 pages had been uploaded on the digital library website. Amongst noted publications of the NMML are Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Man of Destiny by Ruskin Bond, Nehru Anthology (1980) and Nehru Anthology. Nehru Memorial Museum & Library has over the years supported scholars and historians across India. Through its fellowship programme, the Nehru Memorial Fellowship, it has funded some of India’s best academics such as Chief Information Commissioner OP Kejriwal. It is also one of the best libraries in Delhi for the social sciences as it has a huge collection on labour related issues in the form of PhD dissertations, reports, books, journals and news papers. On 26 April 2016 a dagger gifted to former prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru by Saudi Arabia was stolen from the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library.
  • 524
  • 11 Nov 2022
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