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Topic Review
X Display Manager (Program Type)
In the X Window System, an X display manager is a graphical login manager which starts a session on an X server from the same or another computer. A display manager presents the user with a login screen. A session starts when a user successfully enters a valid combination of username and password. When the display manager runs on the user's computer, it starts the X server before presenting the user the login screen, optionally repeating when the user logs out. In this condition, the DM realizes in the X Window System the functionality of getty and login on character-mode terminals. When the display manager runs on a remote computer, it acts like a telnet server, requesting username and password and starting a remote session. X11 Release 3 introduced display managers in October 1988 with the aim of supporting the standalone X terminals, just coming onto the market. Various display managers continue in routine use to provide a graphical login prompt on standalone computer workstations running X. X11R4 introduced the X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) in December 1989 to fix problems in the X11R3 implementation.
  • 579
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
König's Lemma
König's lemma or Kőnig's infinity lemma is a theorem in graph theory due to Dénes Kőnig (1927). It gives a sufficient condition for an infinite graph to have an infinitely long path. The computability aspects of this theorem have been thoroughly investigated by researchers in mathematical logic, especially in computability theory. This theorem also has important roles in constructive mathematics and proof theory.
  • 579
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SeAttE—Embedding Model Based on Knowledge Graph Completion
SeAttE is a novel tensor ecomposition model based on Separating Attribute space for knowledge graph completion. SeAttE is the first model among the tensor decomposition family to consider the attribute space separation task. Furthermore, SeAttE transforms the learning of too many parameters for the attribute space separation task into the structure’s design. This operation allows the model to focus on learning the semantic equivalence between relations, causing the performance to approach the theoretical limit. 
  • 578
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
PADICAT
PADICAT acronym for Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya, in Catalan; or Digital Heritage of Catalonia, in English, is the Web Archive of Catalonia. Created in 2005 by the Biblioteca de Catalunya, the public institution responsible for collecting, preserving and distributing the bibliographic heritage, and the digital heritage by extension. Has the technological collaboration of the Center for Scientific and Academic Services of Catalonia, (CESCA) for preserving and giving access to old versions of web pages published on the Internet. The Biblioteca de Catalunya, as the responsible of PADICAT, is member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC).
  • 578
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) aim to systematically encode knowledge of the metabolism of an organism. GEMs are composed of different layers of information and are constructed with a combination of automated approaches and manual curation based on the available literature and experimental data. These models not only encode existing knowledge about an organism, but can also generate new knowledge through various analytical methods. The latter are mostly focused on the assessment of reaction fluxes through the metabolic network in different conditions.
  • 578
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Secure Application of MIoT
With the increasing demand for higher-quality services, online English education platforms have gained significant attention. However, practical application of the Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT) still faces various challenges, including communication security, availability, scalability, etc. These challenges directly impact the utilization of online English education platforms. The dynamic and evolving nature of the topology characteristics in Mobile Internet of Things networks adds complexity to addressing these issues.
  • 578
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
DoS Attack in Cloud Based Kubernetes Using eBPF
Kubernetes is an orchestration tool that runs and manages container-based workloads. It works as a collection of different virtual or physical servers that support multiple storage capacities, provide network functionalities, and keep all containerized applications active in a desired state. It also provides an increasing fleet of different facilities, known as microservices. However, Kubernetes’ scalability has led to a complex network structure with an increased attack vector. Attackers can launch a Denial of service (DoS) attack against servers/machines in Kubernetes by producing fake traffic load, for instance. DoS or Distributed Denial of service (DDoS) attacks are malicious attempts to disrupt a targeted service by flooding the target’s service with network packets. Constant observation of the network traffic is extremely important for the early detection of such attacks. Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) and eXpress Datapath (XDP) are advanced technologies in the Linux kernel that perform high-speed packet processing. In the case of Kubernetes, eBPF and XDP can be used to protect against DDoS attacks by enabling fast and efficient network security policies.
  • 578
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
OpenCog
OpenCog is a project that aims to build an open source artificial intelligence framework. OpenCog Prime is an architecture for robot and virtual embodied cognition that defines a set of interacting components designed to give rise to human-equivalent artificial general intelligence (AGI) as an emergent phenomenon of the whole system. OpenCog Prime's design is primarily the work of Ben Goertzel while the OpenCog framework is intended as a generic framework for broad-based AGI research. Research utilizing OpenCog has been published in journals and presented at conferences and workshops including the annual Conference on Artificial General Intelligence. OpenCog is released under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License. OpenCog is in use by more than 50 companies, including Huawei and Cisco.
  • 577
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation for Cultural Heritage
In the cultural heritage field, point clouds, as important raw data of geomatics, are not only three-dimensional (3D) spatial presentations of 3D objects but they also have the potential to gradually advance towards an intelligent data structure with scene understanding, autonomous cognition, and a decision-making ability. The approach of point cloud semantic segmentation as a preliminary stage can help to realize this advancement.
  • 577
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Smart Sensing Chair for Sitting Posture Monitoring
Smart sensing chairs, equipped with advanced sensor technologies such as Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs), show significant potential in mitigating the negative health impacts of incorrect sitting postures, which can lead to spinal misalignment and musculoskeletal disorders. Research emphasizes the use of sophisticated machine learning techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for classifying sitting postures. Notably, these advanced models do not always outperform traditional models due to the limitations of the training datasets, which often lack sufficient diversity in representing different human body types and health conditions. This finding underscores the critical need for datasets that more accurately reflect the demographic and physiological diversity of users. Additionally, this research highlights a significant opportunity for innovation in user feedback mechanisms within smart sensing chairs, suggesting that enhanced interactive features could improve posture correction efforts and overall user health outcomes.
  • 577
  • 13 May 2024
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