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Topic Review
2D Filters
Two dimensional filters have seen substantial development effort due to their importance and high applicability across several domains. In the 2-D case the situation is quite different from the 1-D case, because the multi-dimensional polynomials cannot in general be factored. This means that an arbitrary transfer function cannot generally be manipulated into a form required by a particular implementation. The input-output relationship of a 2-D IIR filter obeys a constant-coefficient linear partial difference equation from which the value of an output sample can be computed using the input samples and previously computed output samples. Because the values of the output samples are fed back, the 2-D filter, like its 1-D counterpart, can be unstable.
  • 786
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bilinear Filtering
Bilinear filtering is a texture filtering method used to smooth textures when displayed larger or smaller than they actually are. Most of the time, when drawing a textured shape on the screen, the texture is not displayed exactly as it is stored, without any distortion. Because of this, most pixels will end up needing to use a point on the texture that is "between" texels – assuming the texels are points (as opposed to, say, squares) – in the middle (or on the upper left corner, or anywhere else; it does not matter, as long as it is consistent) of their respective "cells". Bilinear filtering uses these points to perform bilinear interpolation between the four texels nearest to the point that the pixel represents (in the middle or upper left of the pixel, usually).
  • 785
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CherryPlayer
CherryPlayer is a freeware closed-source media player of streaming media, audio and video files for the Microsoft Windows operating systems. It supports almost all popular audio and video file formats, streaming protocols, subtitle files and playlists. A distinctive feature of the player is the minimum number of settings (which initially gave rise to compare it in this regard with the browser Chrome) and the ability to play almost any streaming video and audio broadcasts, including live ones and radio.
  • 784
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Deep Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Smart Manufacturing
AI and, in particular, the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms, which are a perfect response to the unpredictability and volatility of modern demand, are studied in detail. Through the introduction of RL concepts and the development of those with ANNs towards DRL, the potential and variety of these kinds of algorithms are highlighted. Moreover, because these algorithms are data based, their modification to meet the requirements of industry operations is also included. Digital twins are a technology that is increasingly important in I.40 and I.5.0, which seems to be crucial to the development of smart manufacturing. 
  • 784
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Energy Management Systems for Electric Vehicle Transportation
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been gaining interest as a result of their ability to reduce vehicle emissions. Developing an intelligent system to manage EVs charging demands is one of the fundamental aspects of this technology to better adapt for all-purpose transportation utilization. It is necessary for EVs to be connected to the Smart Grid (SG) to communicate with charging stations and other energy resources in order to control charging schedules, while Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques can be beneficial for improving the system, they can also raise security and privacy threats. Privacy preservation methodologies have been introduced to ensure data security. Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain technology are two emerging strategies to address information protection concerns. 
  • 784
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
AUV Adaptive Sampling Methods
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned marine robots that have been used for a broad range of oceanographic missions. They are programmed to perform at various levels of autonomy, including autonomous behaviours and intelligent behaviours. Adaptive sampling is one class of intelligent behaviour that allows the vehicle to autonomously make decisions during a mission in response to environment changes and vehicle state changes. Having a closed-loop control architecture, an AUV can perceive the environment, interpret the data and take follow-up measures. Thus, the mission plan can be modified, sampling criteria can be adjusted, and target features can be traced.
  • 783
  • 12 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines (Amendment) Rules) 2018
The draft Information Technology [Intermediary Guidelines (Amendment) Rules] 2018 seeks to amend India 's Intermediary Guidelines Rules 2011 by making intermediaries legally required to provide time-bound assistance to any government agency, provide traceability requirements, as well as deploy "technology-based automated tools to identify and remove public access to unlawful information". Intermediaries with more than 5,000,000 users must set up a company in India. The changes also include prohibited hosting of another category of content, i.e. ‘public health or safety’. The draft Rules have been framed under Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 which covers intermediary liability. The Indian Government’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) had invited comments on proposed amendments early in 2019. The amendments were seen by many to "overstep the aforesaid intention sparking concerns of violating free speech and privacy rights of individuals." It is seen that "the guidelines suffer with excessive delegation of powers and shift the burden of responsibility of identification of unlawful content from a government/ judiciary to intermediaries." A total of 171 comments were received by MeitY; all of the comments were published for counter comments. On 21 October 2019, MeitY asked the court for three months’ time for finalisation of the Intermediary Rules, 2018.
  • 783
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fog Computing
Fog computing provides an effective solution to various problems by extending the cloud’s functionality to typically more limited computing units closer to user devices. Fog computing can provide a higher level of user experience due to its geographic and network topology location and distribution. IoT services also need to be managed seamlessly to ensure adequate QoS (due to the mobility of devices or the temporary periods without an internet connection). Such domains are combined under the auspices of Dew computing, as in critical cases, extending an IoT service to the end user’s device is a feasible task. Such scenarios can hardly be investigated at a large scale due to the lack of dedicated simulation environments. 
  • 783
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Drone Forensics
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are adaptable and rapid mobile boards that can be applied to several purposes, especially in smart cities. These involve traffic observation, environmental monitoring, and public safety. The need to realize effective drone forensic processes has mainly been reinforced by drone-based evidence. Drone-based evidence collection and preservation entails accumulating and collecting digital evidence from the drone of the victim for subsequent analysis and presentation.
  • 782
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
AI and Self-Learning: Opportunities and Challenges
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and self-learning algorithms has revolutionized the field of machine learning. This research explores the opportunities, challenges, and risks associated with AI and self-learning, with a particular focus on the impact of different types of AI on self-learning. The research examines how AI algorithms are designed to learn from data and improve their performance over time with little or no human intervention. While AI and self-learning present significant opportunities for automation, efficiency, and innovation, they also pose challenges such as data privacy, security, and ethical concerns. The research provides several success stories of AI and self-learning in various industries and applications. Furthermore, the research outlines future directions for the development and implementation of AI and self-learning algorithms and provides recommendations for all involved parties.
  • 782
  • 22 May 2023
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