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Topic Review
Lean Management
Lean management has generated new approaches to reduce non-value-adding activities in different sectors of the economy, including in higher education systems. Lean principles in higher education institutions (HEIs) contribute positively to sustainability performance. 
  • 432
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Photovoltaic Distributed Generators with an Energy Storage System
Disruptive events, such as the winter storm of 2021 that left 40 million people in the U.S. without power, have revealed the potential danger of societal dependence on centralized energy sources. Localized energy grids (called microgrids (MGs)) can help add energy reliability and independence by using distributed generators (DGs) with photovoltaic (PV) energy sources and energy storage systems (ESSs). Such MGs can independently energize critical energy demand nodes (DNs) when isolated from the primary grid with renewable energy. The optimal sizes and assignments of PVDG/ESS units to the DNs during outages are crucial to increasing energy reliability. 
  • 430
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Risk Assessment and Management in Industry 4.0
According to the International Labour Organization, occupational injury is a personal injury, disease, or death that results from an occupational accident. Occupational accidents, in turn, are unexpected occurrences, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work and resulting in one or more workers incurring personal injury, disease, or death. Occupational diseases are acquired through personal exposure to environmental risks, such as physical, chemical, and biological agents in situations above the tolerance limits imposed by legislation or applicable standards. These diseases are caused or aggravated by specific activities, and are characterized when the causal link is established. between damage to the worker’s health and exposure to certain work-related risks. Occupational diseases occur after various years of exposure, and in some cases, they can arise even after the worker is no longer in contact with the causative agent.
  • 423
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Plate Heat Exchanger for Condensing Duties
Increasing energy usage efficiency requires enhanced heat energy recuperation between process streams in the industry and civic sector with waste heat utilization. The condensation of different vapours is the process encountered in many industrial applications.  Increasing the heat recuperation in this process is possible with efficient heat transfer equipment, among which a Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) is at the leading position. PHE in processes of vapour condensation is the fast-developing type of heat transfer equipment. Their main advantages compared to traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers are compactness, small mass and inner volume, and enhanced heat transfer. The construction of PHE can be adapted to the required conditions of specific applications as condensers. 
  • 423
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Challenges of Adopting Artificial Intelligence to Industry 4.0
Corroborating with Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a field of computer science that aims to develop systems capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, perception, language, and decision-making. The adoption of Artificial Intelligence technologies in Industry 4.0 emerges as a problematic issue due to the challenges of various characteristics that hinder or limit this adoption.
  • 418
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Interfacial Characteristics of 6061/AZ31B Composites in Multi-Pass Rolling
An Al 6061/Mg AZ31B composite plate with good bonding and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties was prepared through solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding (SLCRB). The microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Al/Mg composite plates under different rolling passes were studied. The results showed that with the increase of rolling passes, the bonding layer of the composite plate was crushed, and the base material on both sides of the substrate gradually grew towards the broken part of the bonding layer. The microstructure on both sides of the substrate extended along the rolling direction and was dynamically recrystallized to a certain extent. In the Mg substrate, because the preheating temperature was higher than its recrystallization temperature, with the increase of rolling passes, the grains in Mg substrate were crystallized. When the rolling passes reached the fourth pass, complete recrystallization basically took place in the Mg substrate. 
  • 417
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Circular Product Readiness Method
Design indicators can be used by companies to track circular design implementation, which can yield insights into their performance and opportunities for improvement. Existing indicator methods either lack depth with regard to circular design, are incomplete, or do not use design semantics.
  • 411
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Integration of SysML and Virtual Reality Environment
In recent years, Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has continued to develop as a standard for designing, managing, and maintaining increasingly complex systems. Unlike the document centric approach, MBSE puts the model at the heart of system design. Among the various MBSE language development efforts, “Systems Modeling Language (SysML)”, is the most anticipated and broadly utilized in the research and in industrial practice. SysML originated from Unified Modeling Language (UML) and follows the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). SysML diagrams help users create various systems engineering artifacts, including requirements, use cases, operational concepts, system architecture, system behaviors, and parametric analyses of a system model. In the early days of implementation, MBSE languages, including SysML, typically relied on static viewpoints and limited simulation support to depict and analyze a system model. Due the continuous improvement efforts and new implementation approaches by researchers and organizations, SysML has advanced vastly to encompass dynamic viewpoints, in-situ simulation and enable integration with external modeling and simulation (M&S) tools. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a user interactive and immersive visualization technology and can depict reality in a virtual environment at different levels of fidelity. VR can play a crucial role in developing dynamic and interactive viewpoints to improve the MBSE approach.
  • 411
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Based Demand Forecasting in Smart Grids
Smart grids are able to forecast customers’ consumption patterns, i.e., their energy demand, and consequently electricity can be transmitted after taking into account the expected demand. To face demand forecasting challenges, where the data generated by smart grids is huge, modern data-driven techniques need to be used. In this scenario, Deep Learning models are a good alternative to learn patterns from customer data and then forecast demand for different forecasting horizons. Among the commonly used Artificial Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks—based on Recurrent Neural Networks—are playing a prominent role.
  • 401
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Alluvial Gold Mining Technologies
Gold has been a highly prized commodity throughout history and has played a significant role in humanity’s economic and cultural progress.
  • 399
  • 25 Oct 2023
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