Topic Review
3D Bioprinting Technology
3D bioprinting, an additive manufacturing process, is a pioneering technology that prints 3D structures with biocompatible materials including living cells (i.e., bioinks).
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Feb 2025
Topic Review
Life Cycle Assessmernt of Shopping Trolley Abandonment
A Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied to the manufacturing of shoping trolleys, as well as the impact of their abandonment through the use of collection vans and subsequent refurbishment operations.
  • 182
  • 04 Feb 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Hippo Pathway in Kidney Development
This study dives into the essential issue of sustainable water management techniques in East Africa. Recognizing water as a key component of sustainable agricultural development, the study highlights the importance of a complete approach that takes into account technological, socio-economic, and environmental issues. A detailed, comprehensive review of 109 scientific research articles published between 1993 and 2024 was conducted to acquire a thorough grasp of current sustainable water resource management techniques in East Africa. This in-depth investigation sought to uncover major regional trends, challenges, and opportunities in water resource management. Furthermore, the evaluation aimed to identify specific knowledge gaps impeding the region’s implementation of sustainable water management techniques. As East Africa faces rising problems from climatic variability and change, which have a direct impact on water availability and agricultural output, the need for comprehensive policies becomes clear. The review reveals significant gaps in previous research, including a lack of focus on the socio-economic consequences of water management methods, gender dynamics, long-term assessments, indigenous knowledge integration, and climate change adaptation. By highlighting these areas, the study emphasizes the necessity of future research in addressing these gaps and developing more effective and sustainable water management solutions for East Africa.
  • 85
  • 26 Jan 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Refrigerants for a Sustainable Future
Worldwide use of high global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants for space conditioning and food storage results in significant equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is further exacerbated in developed countries by the current transition from hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants to HFC refrigerants. Under the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, the proposed phase-out of currently used HFC and HCFC refrigerants has initiated a re-evaluation of some pre-existing refrigerants as well as the development and evaluation of new refrigerants. Making the ideal refrigerant selections for heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) applications is thereby difficult in an already overabundant refrigerants market. In this paper, a study of key parameters required of a good refrigerant is conducted, followed by the analysis of refrigerants desired and refrigerants used in two major sectors of the HVAC&R industry, namely commercial refrigeration and residential air-conditioning and heat pumps. Finally, keeping in consideration the global environmental regulations and safety standards, a recommendation of the most suitable refrigerants in both sectors has been made.
  • 102
  • 06 Jan 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Image Matching: A Comprehensive Overview of Conventional and Learning-Based Methods
This entry provides a comprehensive overview of methods used in image matching. It starts by introducing area-based matching, outlining well-established techniques for determining correspondences. Then, it presents the concept of feature-based image matching, covering feature point detection and description issues, including both handcrafted and learning-based operators. Brief presentations of frequently used detectors and descriptors are included, followed by a presentation of descriptor matching and outlier rejection techniques. Finally, the entry provides a brief overview of relational matching.
  • 79
  • 06 Jan 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Image Transmission and Selenium: Adriano de Paiva and Initial Steps in the XIX Century
Sound transmission, in the form of the telephone, was invented by Alexander Graham Bell et al. in the seventies of the XIX century. Inspired by this development, Adriano de Paiva published in 1878 the idea of the transmission of images at a distance using electricity and selenium. His proposal was based upon earlier work by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who identified the selenium element in 1817, and of Willoughby Smith, who in 1873 identified a peculiar property of this material—its conductivity dependence upon incident light. The 1878 paper of Adriano de Paiva is the first publication proposing to benefit from the properties of selenium in order to achieve electrical image transmission at a distance and, in the words of the author, enable ubiquity—the transmission of sound and image anywhere in real time. This encyclopedia entry delves into the early steps of electrical image transmission, concisely presenting the protagonists and controversies of scientific priority, and mentioning the impact of those pioneering contributions, still mentioned today, approximately one and a half centuries later.
  • 328
  • 06 Jan 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Limaçon Technology in Power Generation
Limaçon rotary machines are the heart of power generation systems, especially small- and micro-scale ones. These machines are the prime movers that play the main role in converting the potential energy to other useful forms of work, such as mechanical and/or electrical; the generated energy can also be stored in batteries or in the form of hydrogen. The focus of this paper is on the working of this limaçon technology, and the embodiments and mechanical drives to produce the unique motion of these machines. This paper will also discuss the related power-generating cycles and control schemes.
  • 145
  • 19 Dec 2024
Topic Review
AdvancedAI Cybersecurity: Strengthening Cameroon’s Military Networks Against EmergingThreats
This research investigates the transformative potential of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in fortifying the cybersecurity resilience of Cameroon’s military communication networks amidst increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates rigorous quantitative analysis of AI efficacy with qualitative insights gathered from military personnel and cybersecurity experts. The findings reveal that the deployment of machine learning and anomaly detection algorithms significantly improves threat detection rates and accelerates incident response times, thereby enhancing overall operational security. Furthermore, this research proposes a comprehensive framework for AI integration that emphasizes the importance of contextual adaptation to local challenges, the establishment of strategic partnerships with technology firms, and the incorporation of robust ethical guidelines to ensure responsible AI use. By addressing these critical areas, the framework aims to not only strengthen national security but also position Cameroon as a regional leader in cybersecurity innovation. This research contributes to the growing discourse on the necessity of advanced technological solutions in military operations, advocating for a proactive and adaptive cybersecurity posture that is essential for safeguarding national interests in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.
  • 124
  • 16 Dec 2024
Topic Review
Structural Design and Analysis of Wind Turbine
This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration into the design, modeling, and analysis of a wind turbine, employing a multidisciplinary approach to optimize its performance. The blade geometry was generated using QBlade software, a robust tool for blade design in wind turbine applications. The 3D model was then meticulously crafted using SolidWorks, integrating aerodynamic principles and structural considerations. The heart of this project lies in the utilization of SolidWorks Flow Simulation for a detailed analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the designed wind turbine. The simulation facilitated a thorough examination of airflow patterns, turbulence effects, and pressure distributions around the blades, offering valuable insights into the efficiency and energy-capturing potential of the turbine under various wind conditions.
  • 138
  • 02 Dec 2024
Topic Review
Adaptive Long-Term Wi-Fi Fingerprint-Based Indoor Localization
This research delves into the challenges of Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor localization in dynamic environments, addressing the evolving nature of signal patterns and feature spaces over time. The study focuses on improving adaptive long-term localization accuracy by examining temporal variations in signal strength across 25 months. The research employs key methodologies such as mean-based feature selection, principal component analysis (PCA), and functional discriminant analysis (FDA) to examine signal features and address multicollinearity. The paper introduces an innovative algorithm, Ada-LT IP, which integrates data reduction and transfer learning techniques to enhance accuracy. The proposed method effectively mitigates signal fluctuations and reduces computational complexity, resulting in superior performance compared to current state-of-the-art approaches, as measured by mean absolute error. This research provides critical insights into enhancing adaptive long-term Wi-Fi indoor localization systems, paving the way for more reliable applications in real-world settings.
  • 195
  • 31 Oct 2024
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