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Topic Review
Methods for Obtaining Titanium and Its Alloys
Titanium and its alloys are widely employed in the aerospace industry, and their use will increase in the future. Titanium is mainly produced by the Kroll method, but this is expensive and energy-intensive. Therefore, the research of efficient and sustainable methods for its production has become relevant. 
  • 329
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Digitalization of Construction Projects through Integration
The construction industry has fared poorly in the process of digital transformation, while the main challenge is the digitalization of construction projects. Changes in project management approaches are urgently required in construction organizations to better align digital technology and organizational conditions.
  • 335
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Demand-Side Management as a Network Planning Tool
The reliability and security of electric power supply has become pivotal to the proper functioning of modern society. Traditionally, the electric power supply system has been designed with the objective of being able to adequately meet present and future demand, with efforts to maintain supply reliability being focused primarily on the supply side. Over the decades, however, the value of demand-side management—efforts focused on enhancing the efficient and effective use of electricity in support of the power system and customer needs—has been widely acknowledged as being able to play a greater role in ensuring that the key objectives of power system operation are satisfied. 
  • 215
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Robot Target Recognition and Grasping Pose Estimation
The deployment of collaborative robots on a large scale in intelligent factories has increased with the convenience of human–robot collaboration to replace manual labor in undertaking 3C (Computer, Communication, and Consumer Electronics) manufacturing and intelligent handling. As a result, the intelligence, speed, and reliability of these robots have become core factors that impact the productivity and production quality of intelligent factories. Objectively sorting objects is a vital and habitual responsibility in intelligent production lines featuring collaborative robots.
  • 127
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Micromobility in Urban Transportation
Micromobility is a novel approach to urban transportation that provides options for short-distance travel, such as first- and last-kilometer trips. Its primary attraction is the provision of an on-demand, affordable, eco-friendly, and adaptable transportation option, reducing reliance on private vehicles for short distances.
  • 223
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Radar-Based Drone Detection Technologies
The fast development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, has brought a unique set of opportunities and challenges to both the civilian and military sectors. While drones have proven useful in sectors such as delivery, agriculture, and surveillance, their potential for abuse in illegal airspace invasions, privacy breaches, and security risks has increased the demand for improved detection and classification systems. Principles of radar-based detection: Radar, which stands for “Radio Detection and Ranging”, is generally considered one of the most trustworthy sensing devices that comes to mind when addressing UAV detection since it has traditionally been utilized for aircraft detection in both military and civilian purposes (such as aviation). Radar is an electromagnetic technology that employs radio waves to detect and locate nearby objects. Any radar system works on the basis of echo-based measurements and consists of a radar transmitter that sends out short electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwave band, transmitting and receiving antennas, a radar receiver that receives the reflected signals from the target, and a processor that identifies the objects’ attributes. Therefore, radar can calculate important object characteristics, including distance, velocity, azimuth, and elevation.
  • 552
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Generating Point Clouds from FMCW Radar
Radar sensing-based devices, particularly those using Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW), can obtain target information such as distance, angle, moving speed, and target size, making them superior when compared to other non-contact sensing technologies. FMCW technology provides access to a lot of crucial information at an affordable price. It is well suited for different working conditions, making it highly suitable for in-vehicle detection scenarios.
  • 524
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Methanol as a Biochemical and Bioenergy Carrier
There is a growing interest in the production of biofuels and biochemicals from renewable biomass. Biomass in the form of woody and agricultural residues, municipal solid waste and other organic refuse is becoming popular as a feedstock for biofuel and biochemical production through thermochemical and biological routes. Methanol, a widely used industrial chemical, also has clean fuel properties due to its high-octane number, low flammability, low emissions and high engine performance.
  • 206
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Next-Generation High-Temperature Solar Particle Receivers
Concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems are pivotal in the pursuit of renewable energy solutions to meet emissions reduction targets. They play a vital role in addressing the negative impacts of energy-intensive industrial processes, such as the high-temperature calcination step in the alumina Bayer process, requiring temperatures of approximately 1000 °C. However, achieving such high temperatures poses challenges, as radiative losses increase significantly with temperature. Current commercially available CST technologies, employing heat transfer mediums like molten salts, are constrained to temperatures below 600 °C. The emerging focus on sand-like ceramic particles, either as standalone materials or in suspension within an air stream, as heat transfer mediums signifies a promising avenue in the development of high-temperature receiver-based CST technologies. These particle-laden suspension flow receiver systems have the potential to reach operating temperatures exceeding 1000 °C.
  • 185
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
AI-Based Imaging Techniques Applications
AI-based imaging techniques can be divided in eight distinct categories: acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, registration, classification, object localization, segmentation, and visualization. These can also be organized in the clinical process pipeline broadly encompassing prevention, diagnostics, planning, therapy, prognostic, and monitoring. It is also possible to focus on the human organ or physiological process under focus.
  • 170
  • 04 Jan 2024
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