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Topic Review
Animated Cartoon
An animated cartoon is a film for the cinema, television or computer screen, which is made using sequential drawings, as opposed to animation in general, which include films made using clay, puppets, 3D modeling and other means. Animated cartoons are still created for entertainment, commercial, educational and personal purposes.
  • 836
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ankle and Foot Arthroplasty and Prosthesis
The foot and ankle serve vital roles in weight bearing, balance, and flexibility but are susceptible to many diverse ailments, making treatment difficult. More commonly, Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) and Total Talus Replacement (TTR) are used for patients with ankle degeneration and avascular necrosis of the talus, respectively. Ankle prosthesis and orthosis are also indicated for use with lower limb extremity amputations or locomotor disability, leading to the development of powered exoskeletons. However, patient outcomes remain suboptimal, commonly due to the misfitting of implants to the patient-specific anatomy. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used to create customized, patient-specific implants and porous implant cages that provide structural support while allowing for increased bony ingrowth and to develop customized, lightweight exoskeletons with multifunctional actuators. AM implants and devices have shown success in preserving stability and mobility of the joint and achieving fast recovery, as well as significant improvements in gait rehabilitation, gait assistance, and strength for patients. 
  • 247
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
ANN Model to Predict Final Construction Contract Duration
Forecasting the final construction contract duration at an early stage plays a vital role in the progress of a project. An inaccurate project duration prediction may lead to the project’s benefits being lost. It is essential to precisely predict the duration due to the presence of several different factors.
  • 245
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Annealing (Metallurgy)
In metallurgy and materials science, annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable. It involves heating a material above its recrystallization temperature, maintaining a suitable temperature for an appropriate amount of time and then cooling. In annealing, atoms migrate in the crystal lattice and the number of dislocations decreases, leading to a change in ductility and hardness. As the material cools it recrystallizes. For many alloys, including carbon steel, the crystal grain size and phase composition, which ultimately determine the material properties, are dependent on the heating rate and cooling rate. Hot working or cold working after the annealing process alters the metal structure, so further heat treatments may be used to achieve the properties required. With knowledge of the composition and phase diagram, heat treatment can be used to adjust from harder and more brittle to softer and more ductile. In the case of ferrous metals, such as steel, annealing is performed by heating the material (generally until glowing) for a while and then slowly letting it cool to room temperature in still air. Copper, silver and brass can be either cooled slowly in air, or quickly by quenching in water. In this fashion, the metal is softened and prepared for further work such as shaping, stamping, or forming.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Anodizing
Anodizing is an electrochemical process by which the thickness of the natural oxide layer present on metals is increased. Anodizing is used to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of the substrate, to enhance the adhesion of coatings and for aesthetics reasons. The properties, chemistry and morphology of the resulting anodic oxide film depend on the anodizing parameters chosen.
  • 6.3K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Anomalies in a Factory of the Future
Production systems are changing in many aspects on the way to a Factory of the Future, including the level of automation and communication between components. Besides all benefits, this evolution raises the amount, effect and type of anomalies and unforeseen behavior to a new level of complexity.
  • 378
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Anomaly Detection Algorithms for LAN Failure Prediction
Predicting Local Area Network (LAN) equipment failure is of utmost importance to ensure the uninterrupted operation of modern communication networks. The utilization of machine learning algorithms, specifically decision trees and support vector machines (SVMs), for predicting LAN failures represents a groundbreaking approach in network management.
  • 250
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Robotic Missions
An anomaly in autonomous robotic missions (ARM) is a deviation from the expected behaviour, performance, or state of the robotic system and its environment, which may impact the mission’s objectives, safety, or efficiency; and this anomaly can be caused either by system faults or the change in the environmental dynamics of interaction. The nuanced understanding of anomaly categories facilitates a more strategic approach, ensuring that detection methods are more effective in addressing the specific nature of the anomaly.
  • 478
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anomaly Detection System for Automatic Defective Products’ Inspection
An automated optical inspection (AOI) system is an efficient tool for product inspection, providing a convenient interface for users to view their products of interest. Specifically, in the screw manufacturing industry, the conventional methods are the human visual inspection of the product and for the inspector to view the product image displayed on the dashboard of the AOI system.
  • 357
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Anomaly Electricity Usage Behavior
Due to the climate crisis, energy-saving issues and carbon reduction have become the top priority for all countries. Owing to the increasing popularity of advanced metering infrastructure and smart meters, the cost of acquiring data on residential electricity consumption has substantially dropped. This change promotes the analysis of residential electricity consumption, which features both small and complicated consumption behaviors, using machine learning to become an important research topic among various energy saving and carbon reduction measures.
  • 537
  • 23 May 2022
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