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Topic Review
Green Energy Innovation
energy research and development in expanding green energy innovations while reducing long-term emissions is significant. Continual dependence on obsolete energy research and development may worsen environmental sustainability. However, the inclusion of green energy technologies offset environmental pollution without compromising economic productivity. Besides, the mitigation effect of energy research and development is channeled through a decline in energy intensity and technological advancement. Green energy-based innovations and energy research and development play a critical role in achieving environmental sustainability in OECD countries.
  • 682
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products
Green extraction techniques represent a paradigm shift in the field of NP extraction, emphasizing sustainability, environmental consciousness, and efficiency. These methods prioritize minimizing the environmental impact associated with traditional extraction processes. Their importance lies in addressing the limitations of conventional techniques, such as low yields, substantial solvent usage, and the risk of degrading heat-sensitive compounds. The benefits of green extraction include enhanced efficiency, reduced solvent consumption, and the preservation of valuable bioactive compounds. Examples of green extraction techniques encompass “supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)”, among others. The significance and advantages of each method contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to NP extraction. Detailed discussions on each green extraction technique are provided below, highlighting their unique principles, applications, and advantages in obtaining bioactive natural products.
  • 315
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Green Lean Six Sigma Approach
Green lean six sigma (GLSS) is an emerging approach towards environmental sustainability in conjunction with operational achievements. The success of this approach is premised on an understanding of the different components of a GLSS program; being the determinants for its outcomes. The aim of this paper is to investigate the various constructs of GLSS that play an essential role in achieving environmental sustainability. For this purpose, a systematic review of available literature has been conducted to evaluate the drivers, enablers (tools), and outcomes of a GLSS strategy as well as its critical success factors and barriers. Findings reveal that these constructs of GLSS as a holistic approach can facilitate an organization to better accomplish environmental objectives such as waste minimization, emission reduction, and resource conservation as compared to constructs of only one or any two of these strategies. Based on the analysis, an integrated GLSS framework is developed for environmental sustainability in addition to identifying vital research gaps and future directions.
  • 3.6K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Green Membrane Materials
Biodegradable membranes with innovative antifouling properties are emerging as possible substitutes for conventional membranes. These types of membranes have the potential to be applied in a wide range of applications, from water treatment to food packaging and energy production.
  • 571
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Green Monopropellants
Green propellants are usually defined as low-hazard, low-toxicity, environmentally friendly propellants that are considered safe during various phases of spacecraft development, launch, and operations. Such propellants provide safe handling and storability when compared to conventional toxic propellants such as hydrazine and its derivatives that require special handling protocols and adhering to strict safety measurements that, in addition to others, include using Self-Contained Atmospheric Protective Ensemble (SCAPE) suits. Due to their favorable characteristics, green propellants demonstrate higher commercial value by being able to cut costs related to transportation, storage, handling, and further reduces ground operations time. Recently, a more specified definition has been noted by Mayer et al. (2018) [3], based on the Acute Toxicity Classification (ATC) by the Global Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS) [6], which denotes that propellants possessing ATC levels of three and safer are considered as green propellants. ATC levels are typically categorized on a 1:5 scale where level one denotes the most toxic class and level five is considered the least toxic class. Moreover, a controversial topic arises when referring to some modern green propellants, whether to address them by the term “monopropellants” or by more specific terms including (premixed propellants, fuel blends, or mixtures). Monopropellants are fundamentally defined as propellants consisting of chemical compounds (for example N2H4), which release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition. Since the evolution of liquid gun propellants based on HAN compound and other nitrate salts aqueous solutions, the term “monopropellants” was used to describe such premixed formulations. As widely used in literature and industry, some modern green propellants, for instance the Energetic Ionic Liquids (EILs), are undoubtedly classified and described as “monopropellants.” Basically, it can be interpreted from the previous that a "green monopropellant" may be defined as: "A low-hazard, low-toxicity, and safe-to handle propellant that is stored in a single tank and is able to decompose from its storage state by the help of a catalyst or other ignition method, such as thermal or electric ignition, can be considered a “green monopropellant” as long as it does not require another separately stored propellant for decomposition."
  • 4.9K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Green Production from BSFL
The purpose of this entry is to reveal the lipid and protein contents in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for the sustainable production of protein and energy sources. It has been observed from studies in the literature that the larval lipid and protein contents vary with the rearing conditions as well as the downstream processing employed. The homogenous, heterogenous and microbial-treated substrates via fermentation are used to rear BSFL and are compared in this review for the simultaneous production of larval protein and biodiesel. Moreover, the best moisture content and the aeration rate of larval feeding substrates are also reported in this review to enhance the growth of BSFL. As the downstream process after harvesting starts with larval inactivation, various related methods have also been reviewed in relation to its impact on the quality/quantity of larval protein and lipids. Subsequently, the other downstream processes, namely, extraction and transesterification to biodiesel, are finally epitomized from the literature to provide a comprehensive review for the production of unconventional protein and lipid sources from BSFL feedstock. Incontrovertibly, the review accentuates the great potential use of BSFL biomass as a green source of protein and lipids for energy production in the form of biodiesel. The traditional protein and energy sources, preponderantly fishmeal, are unsustainable naturally, pressingly calling for immediate substitutions to cater for the rising demands. Accordingly, this review stresses the benefits of using BSFL biomass in detailing its production from upstream all the way to downstream processes which are green and economical at the same time.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Green Roofs in Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure (GI) has emerged as a potent strategy to mitigate climate change’s impacts. GI constitutes a network of green spaces encompassing public and private areas, managed as an integrated system to deliver multifarious benefits. This hybrid infrastructure amalgamates green spaces and conventional systems, including forests, wetlands, parks, green roofs, and walls, to bolster ecosystem resilience and furnish ecosystem services, benefiting both the environment and humans.
  • 244
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Green Substrates for Flexible Electronics for IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way.
  • 699
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Greenhouse Drying System
Drying via solar energy is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive process. For controlled and bulk level drying, a greenhouse solar dryer is the most suitable controlled level solar dryer. The efficiency of a solar greenhouse dryer can be increased by using thermal storage. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are reported to be of a higher quality than those dried in the sun because they are shielded from dust, rain, insects, birds, and animals. The heat storage-based greenhouse was found to be superior for drying of all types of crops in comparison to a normal greenhouse dryer, as it provides constant heat throughout the drying process.
  • 7.3K
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Heavy-Duty Trucking
Seaports are perceived as multimodal hubs of the logistics supply chain where various transport modes intersect to exchange goods shipped by vessels. Increasing trade and capacity constraints are making this area a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. National and regional decision-makers perceive port sustainability as a concern while planning GHG mitigation projects. However, to plan and conduct successful GHG management programs, it is critical to first develop an appropriate assessment approach that fits well with the operating and geographical context of the given port. For heavy-duty trucking activities taking place within such ports, several models and methodologies for assessing GHG emissions are available, but their generalization is challenging for many reasons, notably because of the specific features of traffic within the port.
  • 643
  • 22 Mar 2024
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