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Topic Review
Alger-Class Cruiser
The Alger class comprised three protected cruisers of the French Navy built in the late 1880s and early 1890s; the three ships were Alger, Isly, and Jean Bart. They were ordered as part of a fleet program that accorded with the theories of the Jeune École, which proposed a fleet based on cruisers and torpedo boats to defend France. The Alger-class cruisers were intended to serve a long-range commerce raiders to attack enemy merchant shipping. The ships were armed with a main battery of four 164 mm (6.5 in) guns supported by six 138 mm (5.4 in) guns and they had a top speed of 19 to 19.5 knots (35.2 to 36.1 km/h; 21.9 to 22.4 mph). After entering service, Alger and Isly were assigned to the Northern Squadron, while Jean Bart operated with the Mediterranean Squadron until 1895, when she, too, joined the Northern Squadron. That year, Alger and Isly were sent to French Indochina, and they were followed by Jean Bart followed in 1898. By that time, Alger had returned to France to serve in the Mediterranean. Jean Bart was present in the Far East during the Boxer Uprising in Qing China the following year, by which time Isly had been transferred to the North Atlantic station. Alger embarked on a second tour in East Asia in the mid-1900s, though records of when she left France are unclear. Jean Bart was wrecked off the coast of the Western Sahara in 1907 and could not be refloated. Isly was converted into a depot ship in 1909 and Alger was hulked in 1911; the former was sold to ship breakers in 1914, but Alger remained in the French Navy's inventory until 1939.
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  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Rolls-Royce Phantom VII
The Rolls-Royce Phantom VII is a full-sized luxury saloon car made by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. Launched in 2003, it was the first Rolls-Royce developed and introduced after BMW purchased the right to use the Rolls-Royce name and logo in 1998. It is credited with successfully reviving the Rolls-Royce brand and restoring Rolls-Royce's reputation as a maker of luxury cars. The Phantom Drophead Coupé and Phantom Coupé are two-door derivatives of the Phantom launched in 2007 and 2008, respectively. From 2003 until the launch of the smaller Ghost in 2009, the Phantom was the only car produced by Rolls-Royce. The Phantom acted as the company's flagship model, but was less exclusive than all previous Phantoms (none of which surpassed the 600 per year).
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  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
DEC 3000 AXP
DEC 3000 AXP was the name given to a series of computer workstations and servers, produced from 1992 to around 1995 by Digital Equipment Corporation. The DEC 3000 AXP series formed part of the first generation of computer systems based on the 64-bit Alpha AXP architecture. Supported operating systems for the DEC 3000 AXP series were DEC OSF/1 AXP (later renamed Digital UNIX) and OpenVMS AXP (later renamed OpenVMS). All DEC 3000 AXP models used the DECchip 21064 (EV4) or DECchip 21064A (EV45) processor and inherited various features from the earlier MIPS architecture-based DECstation models, such as the TURBOchannel bus and the I/O subsystem. The DEC 3000 AXP series was superseded in late 1994, with workstation models replaced by the AlphaStation line and server models replaced by the AlphaServer line.
  • 440
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Extraction of Metals from Copper Tailings through Leaching
A copper tailing is a residue, product of the flotation of sulfide minerals, which contain a variety of elements that can be valorized. The extraction of metals from copper tailings consist of applying metallurgical techniques, such as acid leaching or magnetic concentration, to obtain a valuable product. Currently, this is an important objective, given that mining operations have increased the generation of tailings. Acid leaching is a process that consists of dissolving a solid material, such as a tailing, by applying an acid solution. This process forms two final products: an insoluble solid, rich in aluminosilicates, and an acid liquid solution with different metal ions. Both products may have different characteristics and can be used for subsequent applications.
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  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Kapok Fiber
Photocatalytic Kapok fiber is recognized as one of the most resilient and effective material sources accessible for environmental rehabilitation and energy production due to its exceptional photocatalytic performance, hollow structure, great renewability, and compressibility. There are, however, few detailed reviews on this matter with strong photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the most recent explosive advancement in photocatalytic kapok fiber, including various kapok fiber materials and overall fabrication methodologies, was examined to evaluate this advanced research. Pollutant absorption, photocatalytic degradation, hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction were the main applications of this photocatalytic Kapok fiber.
  • 489
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Optimal Scheduling of Hydro-Wind-Solar Hybrid Systems
In order to establish a hydro-wind-solar hybrid system, the control of multiple power sources and the coordination and real-time scheduling between multiple power sources must be solved. The realization of a multi-energy complementary system first needs to pay attention to the form in which dozens or even hundreds of wind and solar power plants participate in power generation scheduling, how to predict and describe their power generation laws, and the risks brought about by their uncertainties, in addition to to paying attention to the coordinated operation of hydropower stations and large-scale wind power stations on multiple time scales.
  • 557
  • 05 Dec 2022
Biography
Godfrey Weitzel
Godfrey (Gottfried) Weitzel (November 1, 1835 – March 19, 1884) was a German-American major general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was the acting Mayor of New Orleans during the Union occupation of the city and also captured and occupied the Confederate capitol, Richmond, Virginia. Weitzel also is known for his post-war accomplishments with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  • 341
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Gowind-Class Corvette
The Gowind design is a family of steel monohull corvettes developed since 2006 by France 's Naval Group, formerly known as DCNS, to conduct missions in littoral zone such as anti-submarine warfare (ASW). The Gowind family includes vessels with lengths from 85 m to 102 m and displacement from 1,000 t to 2,500 t. The Gowind design can deploy Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) and Underwater Unmanned Vehicles (UUVs). An aft deck has been provided allowing for a 10-ton class helicopter or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations. The platform's weapon system consists of a multi-functional radar and MICA SAM. It is armed with Exocet anti ship missiles. The propulsion system is based on Combined Diesel and Diesel (CODAD) and includes water-jets for improved maneuverability in shallow waters and high-speed performance. There is no funnel (smokestack) on these ships. The radar and other sensors are mounted on a single central mast thus allowing 360-degree view. Naval Group offers two variants of the design: Gowind 1000 and Gowind 2500.
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  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Over the Shoulder Shot
The over the shoulder shot (OTS) is a camera angle used in film and television, where the camera is placed above the back of the shoulder and head of a subject. This shot is most commonly used to present conversational back and forth between two subjects. With the camera placed behind one character, the shot then frames the sequence from the perspective of that character. The over the shoulder shot is then utilised in a shot-reverse-shot sequence where both subject's OTS perspectives are edited consecutively to create a back and forth interplay, capturing dialogue and reactions. This inclusion of the back of the shoulder allows audiences to understand the spatial relationships between two subjects, while still being able to capture a closer shot of each subject’s facial expression. In film and television, the filmmaker or cinematographer’s choice of an OTS shot’s camera height, the use of focus and lenses affect the way audiences interpret subjects and their relationships to others and space.
  • 2.8K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Rexus and Bexus
REXUS/BEXUS (Rocket Experiments for University Students / Balloon Experiments for University Students) programme allows students from universities and higher education colleges across Europe to carry out scientific and technological experiments on sounding rockets and balloons. Each year, two rockets and two balloons are launched carrying up to 20 experiments designed and built by student teams. The REXUS/BEXUS programme is realised under a bilateral Agency Agreement between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). The Swedish share of the payload has been made available to students from other European countries through a collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA). EuroLaunch, a cooperation between the Esrange Space Center of SSC and the Mobile Rocket Base (MORABA) of DLR, is responsible for the campaign management and operations of the launch vehicles. Experts from DLR, SSC, ZARM and ESA provide technical support to the student teams throughout the project. REXUS and BEXUS are launched from SSC, Esrange Space Center in northern Sweden. 2017 is the 10th Anniversary of the REXUS/BEXUS programme which started with REXUS 5/6 and BEXUS 6/7. However first BEXUS (I-V) balloons were launched prior the creation of the programme in its current form through a cooperation between SSC Esrange and the Department of Space Science at Kiruna Space and Environment Campus. First REXUS flight was in 1995 with the GPS-Orion-Rocket renamed REXUS by the students. This name was in fact inspired by MAXUS and TEXUS sounding rockets. Then the second REXUS was launched 9 years later! Actually it was the first EuroLaunch project and was successfully launched in Esrange. Thanks to this success, the flights of REXUS 3 and 4 took place in 2006 and 2008. In the meantime, DLR and SNSB decided to create a cooperation in student rocket and balloon activities. The agreement was signed in 2007 during the 18th PAC Symposium, it was the beginning of the REXUS/BEXUS adventure! In 10 years 147 experiments were launched involving more than 1200 students from all over Europe (majority were from Germany and Sweden). The experiments investigates different scientific areas such as Atmospheric Research, Radiation Physics, Deployment Systems, Control Systems, Communication, Fluid Physics...
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