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Topic Review
AI-Based and Big Data Analytics on Urban Planning
In order to enable a holistic approach to design and planning, there is a need to integrate those data sources and combine them with other more traditional methods of urban assessment. At the same time, there are still various concerns about big data analytics based on AI-related tools connected, for example, with the accessibility to and accuracy of big data, as well as the limitations of different types of AI-based tools which do not permit this kind of analytics to fully replace traditional urban planning analyses. In terms of technological change, the application of big data in design and planning may greatly support traditional planning methods and provide conditions for innovation; however, due to its limitations, it can only enrich but in no way replace traditional urban studies.
  • 3.3K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
AI-Based Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in Microgrids
With the inclusion of communication networks and smart metering devices, the attack surface has increased in microgrids, making them vulnerable to various cyber-attacks. The negative impact of such attacks may render the microgrids out-of-service, and the attacks may propagate throughout the network due to the absence of efficient mitigation approaches. AI-based techniques are being employed to tackle such data-driven cyber-attacks due to their exceptional pattern recognition and learning capabilities. AI-based methods for cyber-attack detection and mitigation that address the cyber-attacks in microgrids are summarized. 
  • 438
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
AI-Based Diagnosis of Renal Cance
Globally, renal cancer (RC) is the 10th most common cancer among men and women. The new era of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics have allowed the development of AI-based computer-aided diagnostic (AI-based CAD/CAP) systems, which have shown promise for the diagnosis of RC (i.e., subtyping, grading, and staging) and prediction of clinical outcomes at an early stage. This will absolutely help reduce diagnosis time, enhance diagnostic abilities, reduce invasiveness, and provide guidance for appropriate management procedures to avoid the burden of unresponsive treatment plans. 
  • 276
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
AI-Based Evaluation of Streets for People in Bangkok
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, grapples with several urban challenges, including traffic accidents, congestion, and underdeveloped sidewalks. These issues stem from the escalating use of private cars and motorcycles driven by rapid urbanization, accompanying economic growth, and the unique street geometry of the city. Furthermore, despite the development of railroads, issues persist with the poor walking environment for pedestrian access to stations, posing a challenge to the promotion of safe and environmentally friendly public transportation. This study evaluated streets’ spatial performance, focusing on the performance of soi, the intricate network of narrow urban pathways in Bangkok. Leveraging an AI model capturing pedestrian value, this study subsequently assessed accessibility from typical residential areas to public transportation stations. The findings shed light on the challenges faced by sois in Bangkok. Based on the findings, practical implications were discussed and provided to inform urban designers, with the aim of promoting public transportation usage and encouraging a more sustainable urban form.
  • 236
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
AI-Based Imaging Techniques Applications
AI-based imaging techniques can be divided in eight distinct categories: acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, registration, classification, object localization, segmentation, and visualization. These can also be organized in the clinical process pipeline broadly encompassing prevention, diagnostics, planning, therapy, prognostic, and monitoring. It is also possible to focus on the human organ or physiological process under focus.
  • 170
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
AI-Based Surface Roughness Prediction for Additively Manufactured Components
Additive manufacturing has gained significant popularity from a manufacturing perspective due to its potential for improving production efficiency. However, ensuring consistent product quality within predetermined equipment, cost, and time constraints remains a persistent challenge. Surface roughness, a crucial quality parameter, presents difficulties in meeting the required standards, posing significant challenges in industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices, energy, optics, and electronics manufacturing, where surface quality directly impacts performance and functionality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the methods used by researchers to predict the surface quality of additively fabricated parts. 
  • 360
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
AI&ML for Medical Sector
This work represents a comprehensive analysis of the potential AI, ML, and IoT technologies for defending against the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing and potential applications of AI, ML, and IoT, along with a detailed analysis of the enabling tools and techniques are outlined. A critical discussion on the risks and limitations of the aforementioned technologies are also included.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Air Addition in Hydraulic Turbines
The use of hydropower is rapidly increasing worldwide, however, achieving maximum efficiency in hydraulic turbines requires operating at the best efficiency point (QBEP). By mitigating the vortex phenomenon, one can reduce pressure pulsation amplitudes and therefore expand the range of stable operation of the hydroturbine. There are two basic approaches to surge mitigation, which are based on the operation turbine principle. The first one involves modifying the existing geometry through geometric optimization, seeking to improve performance over a wider range of operations by changing parametric dimensions. The second approach aims to reduce flow swirl and break up stagnant zones by injecting water or air into the flow.
  • 435
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Air Displacement Pipette
Piston-driven air displacement pipettes are a type of micropipette, which are tools to handle volumes of liquid in the microliter scale. They are more commonly used in biology and biochemistry, and less commonly in chemistry; the equipment is susceptible to damage from many organic solvents.
  • 775
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Air Mass
In astronomy, air mass or airmass is a measure of the amount of air along the line of sight when observing a star or other celestial source from below Earth's atmosphere (Green 1992). It is formulated as the integral of air density along the light ray. As it penetrates the atmosphere, light is attenuated by scattering and absorption; the thicker atmosphere through which it passes, the greater the attenuation. Consequently, celestial bodies when nearer the horizon appear less bright than when nearer the zenith. This attenuation, known as atmospheric extinction, is described quantitatively by the Beer–Lambert law. "Air mass" normally indicates relative air mass, the ratio of absolute air masses (as defined above) at oblique incidence relative to that at zenith. So, by definition, the relative air mass at the zenith is 1. Air mass increases as the angle between the source and the zenith increases, reaching a value of approximately 38 at the horizon. Air mass can be less than one at an elevation greater than sea level; however, most closed-form expressions for air mass do not include the effects of the observer's elevation, so adjustment must usually be accomplished by other means. Tables of air mass have been published by numerous authors, including Bemporad (1904), Allen (1976), and Kasten and Young (1989).
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Oct 2022
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