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Topic Review
Integrated Approaches for Effective Utility Management
Water distribution systems are challenging to manage because they comprise complex networks with large numbers of interacting pipes, pumps, valves, and controls. These components are mostly hidden, usually of mixed ages and conditions, and management programs for maintenance and renewal are often inadequate. Despite these challenges and complexities, distribution systems are expected to deliver pressurized safe drinking water to households and other sites on a reliable basis. Comprehensive and integrated approaches to managing distribution systems are needed, but they face barriers due to the realities of variable management capacities in utility organizations around the world. The variation in these capacities to manage water utilities is a great barrier to improved management of all water subsystems, and it poses challenges to distribution system management because of their greater complexity. Another issue is posed by the difficulty of recruiting and equipping a capable workforce for the multiplexed problems of managing distribution systems.
  • 213
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Risk Management of Subway Shield and Text Mining
Among the construction methods for subway projects, shield method construction technology has become a more widely used construction method for urban subway construction due to the advantages of a high degree of construction mechanization, low impact of the construction process on the environment, and strong adaptability of the shield machine to the stratum, etc. However, because of the complexity of the surrounding buildings (structures) in the subway construction, coupled with the diversity of the subway shield method construction activities and the uncertainties in the construction environment, to a certain extent, it is determined that the subway construction process is very complicated.
  • 145
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Can Climate Change be Mitigated through Modular Construction?
Modular construction (MC) is a promising concept with the potential to revolutionize the construction industry (CI). The sustainability aspects of MC, among its other encouraging facets, have garnered escalated interest and acclaim among the research community, especially in the context of climate change (CC) mitigation efforts. 
  • 314
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Natural Gas Hydrate
As a typical unconventional energy reservoir, natural gas hydrate is believed to be the most promising alternative for conventional resources in future energy patterns. The exploitation process of natural gas hydrate comprises a hydrate phase state, heat and mass transfer, and multi-phase seepage. Therefore, the study of heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate is of great significance for an efficient exploitation of gas hydrate.
  • 110
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Development of the Cogeneration Sector in Spain
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) has been identified by the EU as a powerful resource capable of making substantial contributions to energy savings and reducing GHG emissions. Spain’s effort to promote CHP has been prolific since the 1980s. In this regard, there have been various Laws, Royal Decrees (RDs) and European Union (EU) Directives addressed to reach the national objectives set for the CHP sector. Despite these attempts, the evolution and growth of installed CHP capacity has been irregular, compared to other technologies. Likewise, the academic treatment of the Spanish CHP evolution has not deserved the same attention as other technologies such as wind, photovoltaic and thermal solar systems. As a result, this article is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the regulatory frameworks applied to the Spanish CHP sector and analysing the reasons behind the variable evolution of the installed CHP capacity.
  • 826
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Sustainable Development
Achieving sustainability, particularly in cleaner production, demands a multifaceted decision-making process influenced by numerous subjective criteria. Effective management is pivotal in shaping sustainable development worldwide, necessitating the selection, development, and evaluation of project managers with the requisite skills. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) provides a systematic framework for evaluating alternatives based on multiple criteria, a necessity in today’s intricate decision-making. The research exploration focuses on two notable MCDM methods: the SWARA and the ARAS. These methods enable decision-makers to handle subjective criteria comprehensively.
  • 150
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 Spread Prevention by Minimising Overcrowding
COVID-19 has become a pandemic which has resulted in measures being taken for the health and safety of people. The spreading of this disease is particularly evident in indoor spaces, which tend to get overcrowded with people. One such place is the airport where a plethora of passengers gather in common places, such as coffee shops and duty-free shops as well as toilets and gates. Guiding the passengers to less overcrowded places within the airport may be a solution to reduce disease spread.
  • 103
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Algorithms in Tomography and Related Inverse Problems
In the ever-evolving landscape of tomographic imaging algorithms, a diverse array of themes shaping the field’s progress. It encompasses foundational principles, special innovative approaches, tomographic implementation algorithms, and applications of tomography in medicine, natural sciences, remote sensing, and seismology. This choice is to show off the diversity of tomographic applications and simultaneously the new trends in tomography. Accordingly, the evaluation of backprojection methods for breast tomographic reconstruction is highlighted. After that, multi-slice fusion takes center stage, promising real-time insights into dynamic processes and advanced diagnosis. Computational efficiency, especially in methods for accelerating tomographic reconstruction algorithms on commodity PC graphics hardware, is also presented. In geophysics, a deep learning-based approach to ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data inversion propels us into the future of geological and environmental sciences. 
  • 97
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels
The removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds present in fuels is and will be crucial to accomplish actual strict regulations to avoid environmental and humanity health adversities. The conventional hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation processes conducted by refineries are limited due to severe operating conditions, and even more importantly, they are inefficient for simultaneously removing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds in fuels.
  • 178
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Resourceful Utilization Status for Decommissioned Power Batteries
With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the number of power battery decommissioning is increasing year by year. The recycling of power batteries is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment, improving the efficiency of resource utilization, and ensuring the sustainable and healthy development of the new energy automobile industry.
  • 189
  • 20 Feb 2024
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