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Topic Review
Characteristic of Droplet Transfer Behavior
With the synergistic effect of laser and arc heat sources, laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) technology can improve welding speed and penetration depth, and enhance gap-bridging ability. LAHW technology is an advanced welding method, which has been applied widely and successfully. Laser-arc hybrid welding combines laser and arc heat sources, acting together on the same location of the workpiece, and a laser beam and arc are simultaneously superimposed on a common interaction zone. It uses the advantages of the laser and arc energy effectively. It is a novel and efficient welding method, and one of the study directions for welding technology all over the world. In arc welding, due to the dispersion of the arc energy distribution, the actual energy involved in material melting is low. The guiding role of the laser on the arc enhances the melting efficiency of the arc. In laser welding, the absorption rate of laser energy by molten metal is higher than that of solid metal, and the preheating effect of the arc on the molten pool also enhances material absorption efficiency effectively. Therefore, the absorption and conversion rate of a hybrid heat source are better than those of single heat source. In comparison to traditional welding methods, the primary advantages of LAHW are high welding speed and penetration, good bridging performance, low assembly accuracy, and process stability, so it is widely used and studied.
  • 424
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Use of Biochar Particles for Asphalts
Char/biochar particles could be considered as a new kind of sustainable particle created from their “waste” feedstocks. Specifically, when also considering the circular principles, the conversion of polymer waste, food waste, and biomasses, through thermal treatment at high temperatures, gives an appropriate second life for these waste materials. The char/biochar particles, being particles mainly composed of carbon atoms and having a large surface, are very useful to formulate composites with improved mechanical resistance, i.e., elastic modulus and tensile strength, as well as improved oxidative and photooxidative resistance, while also considering the particles’ radicals scavenging abilities in comparison to the properties of neat matrices. 
  • 451
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lignin Gasification
The gasification of biomass aims to transform heterogeneous feedstocks into syngas and heat that could be used for various purposes. Lignin is a biomass feedstock of special interest due to its particular properties and its ability to be obtained in abundant quantities as a side product from the paper pulp industry as well as the growing cellulosic ethanol industry.
  • 657
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Hybrid Nanofluids
In response to the issues of environment, climate, and human health coupled with the growing demand for energy due to increasing population and technological advancement, the concept of sustainable and renewable energy is presently receiving unprecedented attention. To achieve these feats, energy savings and efficiency are crucial in terms of the development of energy-efficient devices and thermal fluids. Limitations associated with the use of conventional thermal fluids led to the discovery of energy-efficient fluids called “nanofluids, which are established to be better than conventional thermal fluids. The research progress on nanofluids has led to the development of the advanced nanofluids coined “hybrid nanofluids” (HNFs) found to possess superior thermal-optical properties than conventional thermal fluids and nanofluids. 
  • 433
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Natural Hazards in Pakistan
Natural hazards are dynamic and unpredictable events that are a continuous threat to global socio-economic development. Humans’ reactions to these catastrophes are influenced by their proximity to the hazards and their ability to anticipate, resist, cope with, and recover from their consequences. Due to climatic changes, the risk of multiple natural hazards is expected to increase in several regions of Pakistan.
  • 4.6K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nanogrid Architectures, Control, and Converters
Environmental issues and the global need to extend sustainable access to electricity have fostered a huge amount of research in distributed generation by renewables. The challenges posed by the widespread deployment of distributed generation by renewables, such as intermittent power generation, low inertia, the need for energy storage, etc., call for the development of smart grids serving local specific areas or buildings, referred to as microgrids and nanogrids, respectively. This has led in the last decades to the proposal and actual implementation of a wide variety of system architectures and solutions, and along with that the issue of the power converters needed for interfacing the AC grid with DC micro- or nanogrids, and for DC regulation within the latter. 
  • 651
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency, Vibrations and Noise of Fan
Fans as industrial devices are among the most significant single recipients of driving energy. Therefore, they represent an important area of energy savings to reduce CO2 emissions. The ubiquity of fans and their operation under conditions different from the optimum provides an opportunity for more significant global reductions in the energy used to drive them. The second important aspect, besides energy efficiency, related to the operation of fans is the noise they generate.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Heat and Moisture Transfer in Clothing Materials
Clothing as a tool connecting the human body and environment provides thermal and moisture comfort, and protective performance in cold, moderate, and extremely hot environments. The heat and moisture transfer properties of clothing materials are commonly evaluated using experimental study, mathematical modeling, and computer simulation.
  • 625
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Detection Based on ECG Processing
The World Health Organization (WHO) has been on alert since early 2020 regarding the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). With well over 6 million deaths worldwide, the scientific community is developing new ways to detect the disease. As one of the most used clinical examination methods, it is of great importance to study the changes in the electrocardiographic (ECG) activity, as well as to understand the ECG features related to COVID-19.
  • 694
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Flame Synthesis of Carbon and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles
Carbon and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NP) are synthesized worldwide for various applications in the solar-energy, optical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, among many others. Gas phase methods comprise flame synthesis and flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), which provide high efficiency, low cost, and the possibility of large-scale applications. The variation of combustion operation parameters exerts significant effects on the properties of the NPs. An analysis of the latest research results relevant to NP flame synthesis can provide new insight into the optimization of these methods and the development of these techniques for a large scale. 
  • 572
  • 07 Feb 2023
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