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Topic Review
Methods for Optimization of Bone Scaffold
As the application of bone scaffolds becomes more and more widespread, the requirements for the high performance of bone scaffolds are also increasing. The stiffness and porosity of porous structures can be adjusted as needed, making them good candidates for repairing damaged bone tissues. However, the development of porous bone structures is limited by traditional manufacturing methods. Today, the development of additive manufacturing technology has made it very convenient to manufacture bionic porous bone structures as needed. In the present text, the current state-of-the-art optimization techniques for designing the scaffolds and the settings of different optimization methods are introduced. Additionally, various design methods for bone scaffolds are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in designing high performance bone scaffolds and the future developments of bone scaffolds are also presented.
  • 527
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing to Reproduce Atherosclerotic Blood Vessels
Physical biomodels mimicking atherosclerotic blood vessels could be an interesting tool to be applied in personalized surgical planning and even for surgeons' trainning. In this context, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has attracted significant attention due to the potential to fabricate biomodels rapidly. However, the production of such models first requires a consensual and definitive evaluation of the mechanical properties of healthy and atherosclerotic blood vessels, to acuuratey select the adequate "printable" materials. 
  • 547
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring the Aging Condition of Paper Insulation
Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment.
  • 690
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Removal of Oil Pollutants in Soil
Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to humans, animals, and the environment. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. Researchers provide an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated.
  • 869
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ethical Dilemmas in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technologies have featured prominently in the research on technology ethics, which is progressively concentrating on early-stage intervention in technological innovation. Techno Ethics (TE) serves as a multidisciplinary research field that incorporates theories and techniques from various domains including communications systems, sociology, innovation, ethical theories, and principles. Cybercrime is an umbrella term for all illicit activities made possible by access to an IT infrastructure including unauthorized access, unlawful data comparison interception, system disruption, digital identity fraud, etc. The goal of cybersecurity (counterpart to cybercrime) is to assist people in mitigating risks in their systems, networks, and data, ensuring security and privacy. To secure cyberspace, formal and informal resources, including equipment, people, infrastructure, services, policies, training, and technologies are used. As more firms post details to demonstrate their public commitment to ethical ideals while promoting security, discussions regarding ethical standards for emerging technologies are becoming more common. 
  • 2.7K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lab-on-a-Chip Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection
Foodborne pathogens are an important diagnostic target for the food, beverage, and health care industries due to their prevalence and the adverse effects they can cause to public health, food safety, and the economy. The standards that determine whether a given type of food is fit for consumption are set by governments and must be taken into account when designing a new diagnostic tool such as a biosensor platform. In order to meet these stringent detection limits, cost, and reliability standards, recent research has been focused on developing lab-on-a-chip-based approaches for detection devices that use microfluidic channels and platforms. The microfluidics-based devices are designed, developed, and used in different ways to achieve the established common standards for food pathogen testing that enable high throughput, rapid detection, low sample volume, and minimal pretreatment procedures. Combining microfluidic approaches with electrochemical biosensing could offer affordable, portable, and easy to use devices for food pathogen diagnostics.
  • 389
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning in Aviation Environmental Impact Analysis
The rapid growth of global aviation operations has made its negative environmental impact an international concern. Accurate modeling of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise is the prerequisite for informing new operational procedures, technologies, and policies towards a more sustainable future of aviation. Due to the advances in big data technologies and effective algorithms, the transformative data-driven analysis has begun to play a substantial role in aviation environmental impact analysis. The integration of statistical and machine learning methods in the workflow has made such analysis more efficient and accurate.
  • 631
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Improvement of Energy Storage in Phase Change Materials
Utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most effective methods of storing thermal energy and is gaining popularity in renewable energy systems. In order to analyze PCM performance, various numerical methods have been deployed to study the transient behaviour during phase changes. PCMs’ low thermal conductivity prevents their use as pure PCMs in industrial applications. There are various efficient methods of enhancing PCM thermal conductivity.
  • 635
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Minimum Energy Performance Standards in Colombia
The minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) has become a mandatory government document to evaluate the energy efficiency of different equipment and thus limit the minimum energy consumption in domestic, commercial, and industrial applications, guaranteeing end users are able to select more efficient equipment. In order to be compared with the Colombian panorama at the market, technical and political levels, some reference countries and their energy policies were consulted. This allows the establishment of common aspects and differences related to the determination of energy consumption, adjusted volume, and formalization of efficiency ranges, and in the specific case of domestic refrigeration in Colombia.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Thermal Conductivity Techniques
Conventional thermal fluids have found limited application owing to low thermal conductivity (TC). The need for more efficient fluids has become apparent leading to the development of nanofluids as advanced thermal fluids. Nanofluid synthesis by suspending nano-size materials into conventional thermal fluids to improve thermal properties has been extensively studied. TC is a pivotal property to the utilization of nanofluids in various applications as it is strongly related to improved efficiency and thermal performance. Numerous studies have been conducted on the TC of nanofluids using diverse nanoparticles and base fluids. 
  • 479
  • 10 Feb 2023
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