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Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Sensors for Food Safety Applications
Considering the increasing concern for food safety, electrochemical methods for detecting specific ingredients in the food are currently the most efficient method due to their low cost, fast response signal, high sensitivity, and ease of use. 
  • 354
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Train Delays and Punctuality
Indicators of expected quality of service in public contracts are often based on some kind of “punctuality”, usually defined in terms of the percentage of trains arrived “on time”, i.e., within a given delay, at stations, which can mean either at their final destination or also at intermediate “significant” stops. Of course, this requires defining in which circumstances an arrival is counted as a delay. Passengers, however, tend to use the word “punctuality” with a more general meaning, mostly as a synonym for expected delay at their own destination, and especially in case of commuters are much less tolerant of even smaller delays than train operators would normally allow. Overall, punctuality is claimed to be one of the most important quality indicators both in railways and, widening the discourse, in schedule-based bus operation, and is crucial for customer satisfaction. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System for Fast Charging Stations
The transportation sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity as a solution to reduce emissions, but the high load of charging stations poses a challenge to the power grid. Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems (N-RHES) present a promising alternative to support fast charging stations, reduce grid dependency, and decrease emissions. However, the intermittent problem of renewable energy sources (RESs) limits their application, and the synergies among different technologies have not been fully exploited. The researchers propose a predictive and adaptive control strategy to optimize the energy management of N-RHES for fast charging stations, considering the integration of nuclear, photovoltaics, and wind turbine energy with a hydrogen storage fuel cell system. The proposed dynamic model of a fast-charging station predicts electricity consumption behavior during charging processes, generating probabilistic forecasting of electricity consumption time-series profiling. Key performance indicators and sensitivity analyses illustrate the practicability of the suggested system, which offers a comprehensive solution to provide reliable, sustainable, and low-emission energy to fast-charging stations while reducing emissions and dependency on the power grid.
  • 471
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics
Fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) are already well established in several industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, plant engineering, shipbuilding and construction. The technical advantages of FRCs over metallic materials are well researched and proven. The key factors for an even wider industrial application of FRCs are the maximisation of resource and cost efficiency in the production and processing of the textile reinforcement materials. Due to its technology, warp knitting is the most productive and therefore cost-effective textile manufacturing process. In order to produce resource-efficient textile structures with these technologies, a high degree of prefabrication is required. This reduces costs by reducing the number of ply stacks, and by reducing the number of extra operations through final path and geometric yarn orientation of the preforms. 
  • 426
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Short-Term Load Forecasting Method
Electricity consumption varies in short-, medium-, and long-term periods, which cover three forecast time horizons. They range, respectively, from one hour to a week, one week to a year, and more than a year. They are based on several factors, such as climate, region, and sector (residential, industrial, commercial). Residential loads consume most of the electricity generated. Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) is important for cost reduction, energy savings, fine scheduling, and safety assurance.
  • 438
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
From 5G to Beyond
The histrionic growth of mobile subscribers, disruptive ecosystems such as IoT-based applications, and astounding channel capacity requirements to connect trillions of devices are massive challenges of the earlier mobile generations, 5G turned up the key solution.
  • 317
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Freight Distribution in Small Islands
Freight transportation in urban areas represents an essential activity from the standpoint of economic development; the spread of e-commerce (also accelerated by COVID-19) has contributed to increasing the demand for freight distribution over short distances. In most cities, the approaches and measures are often based on new technologies. This research tackles this topic, formulating and solving a distribution problem by linking shipping services with last-mile distribution operated by means of automatic delivery service (parcel lockers). The results show that such a type of service could reduce the user’s waiting time when compared to traditional home deliveries.
  • 422
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
High-Performance Laser Scribing of Thin Film Solar Cells
The development of thin-film photovoltaics has emerged as a promising solution to the global energy crisis within the field of solar cell technology. However, transitioning from laboratory scale to large-area solar cells requires precise and high-quality scribes to achieve the required voltage and reduce ohmic losses. Laser scribing has shown great potential in preserving efficiency by minimizing the drop in geometrical fill factor, resistive losses, and shunt formation. However, due to the laser induced photothermal effects, various defects can initiate and impact the quality of scribed grooves and weaken the module’s efficiency. In this regard, much research has been conducted to analyze the geometrical fill factor, surface integrity, and electrical performance of the laser scribes to reach higher power conversion efficiencies.
  • 981
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Emerging Applications of 6G
Emerging technologies continue to grow across diverse fields and facilitate a variety of services that benefit all kinds of end users. The suitability of indoor wireless networks in delivering 6G applications depends on the QoS requirements of the applications. 
  • 264
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Requirement Quality Assessment Method Based on User Stories
Agile development processes based on user stories often face issues such as incomplete, inconsistent, and inaccurate user requirements, which increase the workload of agile development teams and reduce the efficiency of product function development, ultimately resulting in the inability to respond quickly to user requirements.
  • 453
  • 25 May 2023
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