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Topic Review
Water-Saving Technologies for Rice Production
In the face of the negative impacts of climate change and the accelerated growth of the global population, precision irrigation is important to conserve water resources, improve rice productivity and promote overall efficient rice cultivation, as rice is a rather water-intensive crop than other crops. Water-saving technologies for rice cultivation are varied and can be classified into three groups: water-saving irrigation systems; water-saving irrigation methods and water-saving agronomic practices.
  • 511
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Types of Solution Cocrystallization
Solution crystallization has been used in both batch and continuous modes for industrial crystallization for several decades. Solution cocrystallization is often used on a laboratory scale due to its familiarity, simple design, ease of operation, process monitoring, and control. Solvent selection and the mode of supersaturation generation are the two factors that are crucial at the early stages of solution crystallization. For cocrystallization, the solubility of coformers in a given solvent is key factor in solvent selection. Additionally, other operational parameters such as the crystallizer design, mode of agitation, cooling rate/antisolvent addition rate, seeding, or nucleation control can impact final crystal properties such as shape, size, and desired polymorphic.
  • 475
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymers and Stages of Biodegradation
Sustainable and biodegradable bioplastics are gaining significant attention due to resource depletion and plastic pollution. An increasing number of environmentally friendly plastics are being introduced to the market with the aim of addressing these concerns. However, many final products still contain additives or mix non-biodegradable polymers to ensure minimum performance, which often undermines their ecological footprint. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about all stages of biodegradation and their accuracy in classifying products as biodegradable.
  • 820
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Robustness Enhancement of Feedback Control in DC/DC Converters
One major limitation that feedback control methods exhibit, to different extent, is the low robustness against disturbances, which deteriorates their performance. For the enhancement of the robustness, various solutions have been proposed in literature, such as adaptive control structures or the integration of disturbance observers. These approaches to enhance the robustness of the feedback controllers are discussed in a systematic way. Researchers focus on the technologies that offer robustness in a generic baseline feedback controller, rather than on the modification of a specific feedback control method. Three extensively utilised approaches are reviewed, by presenting their principles and common structures in their application for the voltage regulation in DC/DC converters.
  • 275
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Copper RTD directly fabricated on ceramic-coated stainless-steel tube
Reducing the economic and environmental impact of industrial process may be achieved by the smartisation of different components. In this work, tube smartisation is presented via direct fabrication of a copper (Cu)-based resistive temperature detector (RTD) on their outer surfaces. The testing was carried out between room temperature and 250 °C. For this purpose, copper depositions were studied using mid-frequency (MF) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). Stainless steel tubes with an outside inert ceramic coating were used after giving them a shot blasting treatment. The Cu deposition was performed at around 425 °C to improve adhesion as well as the electrical properties of the sensor. To generate the pattern of the Cu RTD, a photolithography process was carried out. The RTD was then protected from external degradation by a silicon oxide film deposited over it by means of two different techniques: sol–gel dipping technique and reactive magnetron sputtering.
  • 272
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Virtual Electronics Laboratories in Education
Virtual reality or VR corresponds to a sensation, on the part of the user, of being physically present in a world that is not physical, through the use of images, sounds, and other stimuli created computationally for this purpose.
  • 331
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Laser Polishing in Additively Manufactured Metals Post Processing
The poor surface roughness associated with additively manufactured parts can influence the surface integrity and geometric tolerances of produced components. In response to this issue, laser polishing (LP) has emerged as a potential technique for improving the surface finish and producing parts with enhanced properties. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of LP on parts produced using additive manufacturing. The results showed that applying such a unique treatment can significantly enhance the overall performance of the part. In LP processes, the surface of the part is re-melted by the laser, resulting in smaller peaks and shallower valleys, which enable the development of smoother surfaces with the help of gravity and surface tension. Precise selection of laser parameters is essential to achieve optimal enhancement in the surface finish, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the treated parts.
  • 540
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Axial Compressive Stress on Pipeline Network
Due to their exceptional structural integrity, steel pipelines are the main component for oil and gas transmission. However, these pipelines are often affected by corrosion, despite corrosion protection, because of harsh working conditions. In addition to corrosion defects, pipelines are often subjected to multiple external loads. The combination of corrosion defects and external loads can significantly reduce the failure pressure, resulting in various failure behaviors. This reduction in failure pressure is especially critical in pipe bends as they are the weakest link in a pipeline. 
  • 482
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electricity Day-Ahead Market Conditions and Market Price Forecasting
Participants in deregulated electricity markets face risks from price volatility due to various factors, including fuel prices, renewable energy production, electricity demand, and crises such as COVID-19 and energy-related issues. Price forecasting is used to mitigate risk in markets trading goods which have high price volatility. Forecasting in electricity markets is difficult and challenging as volatility is attributed to many unpredictable factors.
  • 283
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Failure Modes of the Electric Motors
The reliability assessment of electric machines plays a very critical role in today’s engineering world. The reliability assessment requires a good understanding of electric motors and their root causes. Electric machines mostly fail due to mechanical problems and bearing damage is the main source of this. The bearings can be damaged by mechanical, electrical, and thermal stresses. Among all stresses, the researcher should give special attention to the electrical one, which is bearing current and shaft voltage.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Jun 2023
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