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Topic Review
Industrial Crystallization of Citrate
The citrate industry has a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, and other fields. As a common class of food additives and functional supplements with tremendous development potential and strong core competitiveness, particles with good powder characteristics and functionalization are becoming one of the primary directions in the evolution of citrate into the high-end market.
  • 755
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Framework for Evaluating the BIM Application Performance
Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the core applications of information technology (IT) in the construction industry. BIM technology builds virtual buildings with geometric information through digital means.
  • 393
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Soil Erosion Due to Defective Pipes
Sinkholes are a significant underground hazard that threatens infrastructure and lives and sometimes results in fatalities. The annual cost of sinkhole damages exceeds $300 million, although this estimate is likely underestimated due to the need for national tracking. Sinkholes can also alter natural drainage patterns, leading to increased flood risk. While natural sinkholes occur, those in urban areas are predominantly manmade, caused by soil erosion from defective pipes, typically due to aging. Climate change, storm surges, and urbanization have accelerated subsidence in urban environments, posing greater risks to critical infrastructure and densely populated areas. Extensive research has focused on soil erosion in dams; however, this knowledge does not necessarily apply to erosion through orifices, where gravity and other factors play significant roles. 
  • 511
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lightweight Fault-Detection Scheme for Solar Insecticidal Lamp IoTs
The Solar Insecticidal Lamp Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs) is an emerging paradigm that extends Internet of Things (IoT) technology to agricultural-enabled electronic devices. Ensuring the dependability and safety of SIL-IoTs is crucial for pest monitoring, prediction, and prevention.
  • 239
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Maintenance Management Systems Integration with Industry 4.0 Technologies
Industry 4.0 is the latest technological age, in which recent technological developments are being integrated within industrial systems. Consequently, maintenance management of current industrial manufacturing systems is affected by the emergence of the technologies and features of Industry 4.0 which need to be integrated efficiently. 
  • 621
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Basic Concepts of Myoelectric Control
Surface electromyography (sEMG) signal analysis refers to a series of processing steps applied to the acquired human sEMG signals using signal acquisition devices. The primary objective is to eliminate irrelevant noise unrelated to the intended movements while retaining as many useful features as possible. This process aims to accurately identify the user’s intended movements.
  • 284
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Current Sensing Methods in Power Electronics Applications
A current sensor is a device exploited to measure electric currents, either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). These devices are used in various applications, including detecting faults, monitoring performance (for control or prognostics), and detecting changes in system behavior. Power applications employ various current-monitoring products to control, characterize, and monitor the current flow. Current sensors, for example, are used in power lines to measure the flow of the current, for controlling current flow, or detect overcurrent or excess currents.
  • 1.9K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation
Neurofeedback is a non-invasive therapeutic approach that has gained traction in recent years, showing promising results for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. It involves real-time monitoring of brain activity, allowing individuals to gain control over their own brainwaves and improve cognitive performance or alleviate symptoms. The use of electroencephalography (EEG), such as brain–computer interface (BCI), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has been instrumental in developing neurofeedback techniques.
  • 402
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Implementation of Optimization Algorithms in Microgrids
When solving optimization problems in microgrids (optimal power flow, scheduling, and planning) various metaheuristic methods are applied. Their application yields good results when solving multi-criteria problems peculiar to microgrids with a predominance of intermittent renewable electricity generation as well as variable and uncertain electricity consumption. To evaluate microgrid performance, one should use economic criteria and apply methods based on artificial intelligence. In the absence of convergence, it proves efficient to use combinations of two or more algorithms that form a hybrid optimization algorithm.
  • 414
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells History
In Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) systems that utilize solar and hydrogen power, which typically include photovoltaic modules, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, hydrogen gas storage, and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, the cost of these systems is currently higher compared to conventional RAPS systems that employ diesel generators or batteries. Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) offer a potential solution to reduce the expenses of solar hydrogen renewable energy systems in RAPS by combining the functionalities of the electrolyzer and fuel cell into a single unit, thereby eliminating the need to purchase separate and costly electrolyzer and fuel cell units. URFCs are particularly well-suited for RAPS applications because the electrolyzer and fuel cell do not need to operate simultaneously. In electrolyzer mode, URFCs function similarly to stand-alone electrolyzers. However, in fuel cell mode, the performance of URFCs is inferior to that of stand-alone fuel cells.
  • 615
  • 10 Aug 2023
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