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Topic Review
Cognitive-Radio-Based Internet-of-Things Networks
Cognitive radio is pivotal in the utilization of an adequate radio spectrum source, with spectrum sensing optimizing cognitive radio network operations, opportunistic spectrum access and sensing able to boost the efficiency of cognitive radio networks, and cooperative spectrum sharing together with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer able increase spectrum and energy efficiency in 6G wireless communication networks and across IoT devices for efficient data exchange.
  • 405
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Green Roofs in Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure (GI) has emerged as a potent strategy to mitigate climate change’s impacts. GI constitutes a network of green spaces encompassing public and private areas, managed as an integrated system to deliver multifarious benefits. This hybrid infrastructure amalgamates green spaces and conventional systems, including forests, wetlands, parks, green roofs, and walls, to bolster ecosystem resilience and furnish ecosystem services, benefiting both the environment and humans.
  • 190
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Pitch Control Technique for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
In recent years, the increasing environmental problems, especially the issue of global warming, have motivated demand for a cleaner, more sustainable, and economically viable energy source. In this context, wind energy plays a significant role due to the small negative impact it has on the environment, which makes it among the most widespread potential sustainable renewable fuel nowadays. However, wind turbine control systems are important factors in determining the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of a wind turbine (WT) system for wind applications.
  • 502
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Imitation Learning and Generalization Capability
Imitation Learning (IL) is an approach through which an expert teaches a robot to perform a task. An expert can be a human, a trained policy for a task, a synthetic agent, a demonstration from another robot or even a video demonstration of a desired task.
  • 195
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Genetic Algorithm for the Recovery System of USVs
Compared to other vessels, the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has the advantage of being smaller and operating more agilely, requiring only sufficient space for the relevant sensors and auxiliary navigation devices to make sure the vehicle functions properly. Moreover, the USV can be applied in extreme conditions independently, such as strong waves, tides, and radiation leaks, by means of a predefined system or remote control by professionals.
  • 207
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Architectural 3D-Printed Structures Created Using Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 3D printing (3DP) play considerable roles in what is known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, by developing data- and machine-intelligence-based integrated production technologies. In architecture, this shift was induced by increasingly complex design requirements, posing important challenges for real-world design implementation, large-scale structure fabrication, and production quality standardization.
  • 277
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Model of Functional Safety Protocol
Industry 4.0 has significantly improved the industrial manufacturing scenario in recent years. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the creation of globally interconnected smart factories, where constituent elements seamlessly exchange information. Industry 5.0 has further complemented these achievements, as it focuses on a human-centric approach where humans become part of this network of things, leading to a robust human–machine interaction. In this distributed, dynamic, and highly interconnected environment, functional safety is essential for adequately protecting people and machinery. The increasing availability of wireless networks makes it possible to implement distributed and flexible functional safety systems.
  • 108
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Physical Factors Affecting Electronic-Nose Sensor Responses
Electronic noses (e-noses) are devices that mimic the olfactory system by combining nonspecific gas sensors’ responses to identify a specific odor or a smell-print. This technology is based on interactions between gas sensors and volatile chemical compounds, both organic (VOCs) and inorganic, such as NH3, H2S, or greenhouse gases, generally representing a class of compounds with high vapor pressure at room temperature responsible for odor perception. As these volatile compounds usually result from chemical reactions, their detection can be used to monitor processes in different fields of application, including the food industry, for monitoring food quality and production; healthcare, for monitoring changes in metabolic processes; or environmental studies, for monitoring industrial emissions and their impact on citizens’ daily life. 
  • 250
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cycling Education in Europe
Owing to the active promotion of environmentally friendly lifestyles in several European nations, the bicycle is progressively emerging as a predominant mode of transportation on the roadways. This phenomenon can be attributed to a plethora of factors. Numerous cities are gradually prioritizing the development of sustainable transportation systems, which includes restricting car access to central areas. Moreover, there is a growing ecological awareness among individuals who are averse to contributing to urban pollution with vehicle emissions. Additionally, the bicycle offers a means of travel that enables users to maintain and enhance their physical health and overall well-being.
  • 368
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Smart Farming and Internet of Things Platform
Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in South Asia, predominantly features smallholder farming communities operating on modest land holdings. These smallholders often adhere to traditional farming methods, relying on familial labor, which has become increasingly inefficient in contemporary agricultural landscapes. To enhance their productivity and efficiency, smallholder farmers require affordable and accessible Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems. 
  • 201
  • 11 Oct 2023
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