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Topic Review
Jagdtiger
The Jagdtiger ("Hunting Tiger"; officially designated Panzerjäger Tiger Ausf. B) is a German casemate-type heavy tank destroyer from World War II. It was built upon the slightly lengthened chassis of a Tiger II. Its ordnance inventory designation was Sd.Kfz. 186. The 71-tonne Jagdtiger was the heaviest armored fighting vehicle (AFV) used operationally by any participant nation of WWII and is the heaviest combat vehicle of any type to achieve series production during the conflict. The vehicle was armed with a 128 mm Pak 44 L/55 main gun which was capable of outranging and defeating any tank or AFV fielded by the Allied forces. It saw brief service in small numbers from late 1944 up until the end of the war on both the Western and Eastern Front. Although 150 were ordered, only around eighty were produced. Due to an excessive weight and a significantly underpowered drivetrain system, the Jagdtiger was continuously plagued with various mobility and mechanical problems. At present, three Jagdtigers survive in different museums around the world.
  • 3.2K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
History of Statistics
The history of statistics in the modern way is that it originates from the term statistics, found in 1749 in Germany. Although there have been changes to the interpretation of the word over time. The development of statistics is intimately connected on the one hand with the development of sovereign states, particularly European states following the peace of Westphalia (1648); and the other hand with the development of probability theory, which put statistics on a firm theoretical basis (see history of probability). In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states, particularly demographics such as population. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types, and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In modern terms, "statistics" means both sets of collected information, as in national accounts and temperature records, and analytical work which requires statistical inference. Statistical activities are often associated with models expressed using probabilities, hence the connection with probability theory. The large requirements of data processing have made statistics a key application of computing; see history of computing hardware. A number of statistical concepts have an important impact on a wide range of sciences. These include the design of experiments and approaches to statistical inference such as Bayesian inference, each of which can be considered to have their own sequence in the development of the ideas underlying modern statistics.
  • 3.2K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Zip (File Format)
ZIP files generally use the file extensions .zip or .ZIP and the MIME media type application/zip. ZIP is used as a base file format by many programs, usually under a different name. When navigating a file system via a user interface, graphical icons representing ZIP files often appear as a document or other object prominently featuring a zipper.
  • 3.2K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Recycling Heterogenous Catalysts
The rapid separation and efficient recycling of catalysts after a catalytic reaction are considered important requirements along with the high catalytic performances. In this view, although heterogeneous catalysis is generally less efficient if compared to the homogeneous type, it is generally preferred since it benefits from the easy recovery of the catalyst. Recycling of heterogeneous catalysts using traditional methods of separation such as extraction, filtration, vacuum distillation, or centrifugation is tedious and time-consuming. They are uneconomic processes and, hence, they cannot be carried out in the industrial scale.
  • 3.1K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
List of Devices Using Mediatek SoCs
This page lists every major device using a MediaTek system-on-a-chip (SoC), organized by which chip the devices uses.
  • 3.1K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sub Synchronous Oscillation Phenomenon
The definition of sub synchronous oscillation (SSO) according to the IEEE Sub Synchronous Resonance Working Group is as follows. “Sub synchronous oscillation is an electric power system condition where the electric network exchanges significant energy with a turbine generator at one or more of the natural frequencies of the combined system below the synchronous frequency of the system following a disturbance from equilibrium”. According to the classification of SSO by the IEEE Sub Synchronous Resonance Working Group, there are two types of SSO, namely sub synchronous resonance (SSR) and device dependent sub synchronous oscillation (DDSSO). Sub synchronous control interaction (SSCI) and sub synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) are other types of SSO. However, they are not included in the formal classification.
  • 3.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Closed-Loop Supply Chain
A CLSC can be defined as “a supply chain system entailing design and implementation for enhancing the useful value throughout the product life cycle while dynamically extracting value from different returned products”[1].
  • 3.1K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Single Fiber Endoscope
An endoscope is an imaging device made up of a long and thin tube that can be inserted into the hollow openings of the body to image the inner sections in real time and in a less invasive manner.
  • 3.1K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Submarine Cables Radial Water Barrier
The submarine cables manufacturing industry is growing very rapidly. Solutions used so far, usually adapted from designs of land cables, do not fulfil the new, more demanding requirements. The phenomenon of water ingress into insulation and its absorption are basic factors determining the service life of submarine cables. The radial water barrier is the only effective component of cable design that may guarantee the required minimum 30-year longevity of submarine cables.
  • 3.1K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cigarette Filter
A cigarette filter is a component of a cigarette, along with cigarette paper, capsules and adhesives. It does not make cigarettes less unhealthy. The filter may be made from cellulose acetate fibre, paper or activated charcoal (either as a cavity filter or embedded into the cellulose acetate). Macroporous phenol-formaldehyde resins and asbestos have also been used in cigarette filters. The acetate and paper modify the particulate smoke phase by particle retention (filtration), and finely divided carbon modifies the gaseous phase (adsorption). Filters can reduce "tar" and nicotine smoke yields up to 50%, with a greater removal rate for other classes of compounds (e.g., phenols), but are ineffective in filtering toxins such as carbon monoxide. Most of these measured reductions occur only when the cigarette is smoked on a smoking machine; when a human smokes them, deliveries remain similar with or without a filter. Most factory-made cigarettes are equipped with a filter; those who roll their own can buy them from a tobacconist. The near-universal adoption of filters on cigarettes has not reduced harms to smokers; for instance, lung cancer rates have not declined. Filling a given length of cigarette with filter is cheaper than filling it with tobacco.
  • 3.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
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