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Topic Review
Ionocraft
An ionocraft or ion-propelled aircraft (commonly known as a lifter or hexalifter) is a device that uses an electrical electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phenomenon to produce thrust in the air without requiring any combustion or moving parts. The term "ionocraft" dates back to the 1960s, an era in which EHD experiments were at their peak. In its basic form, it simply consists of two parallel conductive electrodes, one in the form of a fine wire and another which may be formed out of wire grid, tubes or foil skirts with a smooth round surface. When such an arrangement is powered by high voltage (in the range of a few kilovolts), it produces thrust. The ionocraft forms part of the EHD thruster family, but is a special case in which the ionisation and accelerating stages are combined into a single stage. The device is a popular science fair project for students. It is also popular among anti-gravity or so-called "electrogravitics" proponents, due to the research of Thomas Townsend Brown, who built these devices in the 1920s and incorrectly believed that he had found a way to modify gravity using electric fields. The term "lifter" is an accurate description because it is not an anti-gravity device; rather, it produces lift using the same basic principle as a rocket, i.e. from the equal but opposite force upward generated by the driving force downward, specifically by driving the ionized air downward in the case of the ionocraft. Much like a rocket or a jet engine (it can actually be much more thrust efficient than a jet engine), the force that an ionocraft generates is consistently oriented along its own axis, regardless of the surrounding gravitational field. Claims of the device also working in a vacuum have been disproved. Ionocraft require many safety precautions due to the high voltage required for their operation; nevertheless, a large subculture has grown up around this simple EHD thrusting device and its physics are now known to a much better extent.
  • 887
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Glucose Monitoring
Glucose monitoring is essential to control diabetes and avoid long-term complications. Diabetics suffer on a daily basis with the traditional glucose monitors currently in use, which are invasive, painful, and cost-intensive. Therefore, the demand for non-invasive, painless, economical, and reliable approaches to monitor glucose levels is increasing.
  • 887
  • 30 Oct 2021
Biography
Clemens Herschel
Clemens Herschel (March 23, 1842 – March 1, 1930) was an American hydraulic engineer. His career extended from about 1860 to 1930, and he is best known for developing the Venturi meter, which was the first large-scale, accurate device for measuring water flow.[1][2] Clemens was born in Vienna in 1842. His family immigrated to Davenport, Iowa in 1850. He spent most of his life practicing his
  • 886
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microfluidics to Study Membrane Filtration
Membrane filtration processes are best known for their application in the water, oil, and gas sectors, but also in food production they play an eminent role. Filtration processes are known to suffer from a decrease in efficiency in time due to e.g., particle deposition, also known as fouling and pore blocking. Although these processes are not very well understood at a small scale, smart engineering approaches have been used to keep membrane processes running. Microfluidic devices have been increasingly applied to study membrane filtration processes and accommodate observation and understanding of the filtration process at different scales, from nanometer to millimeter and more. In combination with microscopes and high-speed imaging, microfluidic devices allow real time observation of filtration processes.
  • 886
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Network Protocol Design for IoT
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the key technologies for IoT implementation. Research and development in IoT are progressing from the research and development in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), but still have some specific differences. Compared to WSN and MANET, IoT has a wider scope that includes the device, the communication infrastructure, and the cloud. IoT applications are more diverse. They are different from the WSN and MANET applications, which are domain specific. IoT always involves the internet (IP based network) as the point of interest, so that it often requires multiple network interfaces on the gateway side. IoT also tends to use the existing standard of communication technology infrastructure, which is already available for the internet network.
  • 885
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Recent Advances of Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices
A sweat-sensing device requires a wearable device for the temporary attachment of its main components, including sensors, sweat collection devices, and electronic devices to the body’s skin region.
  • 885
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Environmental Sensors
Graphene-Based Environmental Sensors means use graphene as a sensing platform for environmental applications. Especially, we highlight the electrical and optical sensing devices developed based on graphene and its derivatives.
  • 885
  • 04 May 2021
Topic Review
Assessment of Computer Vision-Based Construction Progress Monitoring Process
The progress monitoring (PM) of construction projects is an essential aspect of project control that enables the stakeholders to make timely decisions to ensure successful project delivery, but ongoing practices are largely manual and document-centric. However, the integration of technologically advanced tools into construction practices has shown the potential to automate construction PM (CPM) using real-time data collection, analysis, and visualization for effective and timely decision making. CPM entails periodically measuring the on-site progress and comparing the data with a planned schedule to get the actual status of a construction project. Traditional CPM practices involve manual data collection, which requires human intervention and hence are slow, error-prone, and labor-intensive. To overcome these issues, various automated CPM processes have been proposed. These processes include but are not limited to the use of enhanced information, geospatial, and imaging technologies. The imaging technologies comprise photogrammetry, videogrammetry, laser scanning, and range imaging. Laser scanning is a promising tool for as-built DAQ due to its accuracy; however, it requires expensive equipment, is technically complex, and requires experts to capture, model, and manipulate data for meaningful interpretations. An alternate technique is CV-based technology, which comprises photogrammetry, videogrammetry, and range images. The CV-based CPM comprises four sub-processes: data acquisition (DAQ), information retrieval, progress estimation, and output visualization. Each process involves various methods and techniques to achieve the desired output posing several benefits and limitations.
  • 885
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
CO2 Sequestration in Geological Formations
The geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most effective and, in many cases, the only viable short- to medium-term alternative for considerably moving towards CO2 sequestration in geological sinks and, thus, lowering net carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
  • 885
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fuzzy Algorithms in Multi-Motor Systems
Multi-motor systems are strong coupled multiple-input–multiple-output systems with independent or mechanically interconnected motors. The main objective in multi-motor drive control is to achieve synchronized operation of all motors in the system. In this paper, multi-motor systems are classified in accordance with their control demands. The review of recent research literature indicates that fuzzy algorithms are widely used in multi-motor control.
  • 885
  • 13 Nov 2020
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