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Topic Review
Embedded Machine Learning
Embedded machine learning (EML) can be applied in the areas of accurate computer vision schemes, reliable speech recognition, innovative healthcare, robotics, and more. However, there exists a critical drawback in the efficient implementation of ML algorithms targeting embedded applications. Machine learning algorithms are generally computationally and memory intensive, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained environments such as embedded and mobile devices. In order to efficiently implement these compute and memory-intensive algorithms within the embedded and mobile computing space, innovative optimization techniques are required at the algorithm and hardware levels. 
  • 919
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
NiFe Oxide Electrocatalyst
NiFe electrodes are developed for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline electrolyser based on an anion exchange membrane (AEM) separator and fed with diluted KOH solution as supporting electrolyte. This study reports on the electrochemical behaviour of two different NiFe-oxide compositions (i.e., Ni1Fe1-oxide and Ni1Fe2-oxide) prepared by the oxalate method. These catalysts are assessed for single-cell operation in an MEA including a Sustainion™ anion-exchange membrane. The electrochemical polarization shows a current density of 650 mA cm−2 at 2 V and 50 °C for the Ni1Fe1 anode composition. A durability test of 500 h is carried out using potential cycling as an accelerated stress-test. This shows a decrease in current density of 150 mA cm−2 mainly during the first 400 h. The performance achieved for the anion-exchange membrane electrolyser single-cell based on the NiFeOx catalyst appears promising. However, further improvements are required to enhance the stability under these operating conditions.
  • 918
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Piezoresistive and Piezoelectric Techniques
For piezoresistive sensors, conductive polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), fiber-reinforced polymer (RFP), and Parylen-C polymer film can be used to increase sensor flexibility. For piezoelectric sensors, using piezoelectric ceramics such as ethyl cellulose-poly lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics (ECS-PolyPZT) and PZT-ferroperm as the sensing material can produce high piezoelectric coefficients.
  • 918
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Communication-Based Control Strategies for Parallel Inverters
The communication-based control methods require a power management platform or supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) operation. These control methods are employed to provide power-sharing and voltage control, and their main advantage is eliminating the requirement for a secondary controller. The supervisory control receives information from all inverters and tries to maintain a balance in power-sharing between the inverters. 
  • 917
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Existing Waste-To-Energy Technologies
Energy is a critical element in human existence, and is essential to a society’s sustainable economic growth. Globally, fossil fuels have been the primary source of electrical generation. Technologies that can efficiently recover energy from waste with little to no environmental damage have been considered as alternatives for conventional fossil fuel generation. The conversion pathways utilized in waste-to-energy (MSW) technologies may be classified into two main categories: thermochemical and biochemical. The thermochemical pathway involves the conversion of MSW feedstock to energy (electricity, heat, and value-added products) under high temperatures. It is most commonly utilized for dry waste with a larger proportion of nonbiodegradable material (a low water content). Combustion (incineration), gasification, and pyrolysis are the most common technologies under thermochemical conversion of MSW. Biochemical processes are optimal for wastes with a high proportion of biodegradable organic materials and a high moisture/water content that promotes microbial activity. Anaerobic digestion (AD) and methane recovery from a controlled environment in landfills are the most common technologies under the biochemical pathway.
  • 917
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Integrated Optical Biosensors
A biosensor is an analytical device that is composed of a bioreceptor, a transducer, and a signal processor for detecting biological substances and monitoring biological interactions.
  • 916
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Process Intensification in Chemical Reaction Engineering
Process intensification (PI) is defined as an innovative principle applied in chemical reaction engineering and process design. The first definitions were given in 2000, when the pioneering work of Stankiewicz and Moulijn began this means of novel enthusiastic definition of chemical processes, which can bring significant benefits in terms of process and efficiency, higher quality of products, lower capital and operating expenses, less waste, and improved process safety. Starting from that moment, several roadmaps, books, and scientific papers were published in the field, focused on PI in the chemical industry.
  • 916
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
List of Thor and Delta Launches (2010–19)
As of October 2018, only the Delta IV remains in production. Single-stick versions of Delta IV was retired in 2019 and replaced by Atlas V, leaving the Delta IV Heavy the only remaining operational member of the Delta family, flying defense missions.
  • 916
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tensor Processing Unit
A tensor processing unit (TPU) is an AI accelerator application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google specifically for neural network machine learning, particularly using Google's own TensorFlow software. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015, and in 2018 made them available for third party use, both as part of its cloud infrastructure and by offering a smaller version of the chip for sale.
  • 915
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Indoor Positioning System
The indoor positioning system (IPS) provides continuous real-time localization of objects or people within an enclosed space in different environments, using a network of transmitters and receivers. Indoor localization is more complex than outdoor localization because the indoor communication channel varies significantly with the environment and depends heavily on many factors, such as building structure, room layout, and construction materials.
  • 915
  • 16 Dec 2022
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