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Topic Review
Lean
The term “lean”, as a management concept that allows organizations to remain competitive by removing waste from their processes, has been fully adopted by management researchers.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters
In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. This entry presents a review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Ethanol Production in Brazil
Ethanol production in Brazil started in the early 1930s due to laws created by the Brazilian government. However, ethanol production only increased significantly with the National Program of Ethanol implementation in 1975. This program was another action taken by the Brazilian government aiming to provide conditions for the development of the ethanol industry in the country. With the program, it was possible to achieve significant progress; however, it finished in the mid-1980s. Ethanol is produced on a large scale by more than 300 sugarcane mills all over the country. In 2016, the Brazilian government provided another incentive for ethanol production by creating the RenovaBio Program, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Besides the environmental aspect, Brazil's ethanol industry needs to develop to supply the future biofuel demand. According to the forecast and considering technical, economic, and environmental aspects regards the Brazilian ethanol industry, the current and only feedstock used has an excellent chance not to achieve necessary. Thus, the ethanol produced from corn by some facilities in the country would be an attractive secondary feedstock to complement sugarcane ethanol, the primary feedstock. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Low-Cost Sensors for Building Monitoring
In recent years, many scholars have dedicated their research to the development of low-cost sensors for monitoring various parameters. Despite their high number of applications, the state of the art related to low-cost sensors in building monitoring has not been addressed. To fill this gap, this article presents a systematic review, following a well-established methodology, to analyze the state of the art in two aspects of structural and indoor parameters of buildings, in the SCOPUS database. This analysis allows to illustrate the potential uses of low-cost sensors in the building sector and addresses the scholars the preferred communication protocols and the most common microcontrollers for installation of low-cost monitoring systems. In addition, special attention is paid to describe different areas of the two mentioned fields of building monitoring and the most crucial parameters to be monitored in buildings. Finally, the deficiencies in line with a limited number of studies carried out in various fields of building monitoring are overviewed and a series of parameters that ought to be studied in the future are proposed.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is opening new therapeutic possibilities of fighting against COVID-19 by enabling new prevention, diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment methods. Nanomedicine is known as the branch of medicine involved in preventing and curing various diseases using nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for various applications, including diagnosis, delivery, and sensing. In addition, nanomedicines have exhibited important features, such as efficient transport through fine capillary blood vessels and lymphatic endothelium, longer circulation duration and blood concentration, higher binding capacity to biomolecules such as endogenous compounds including proteins, higher accumulation in target tissues, reduced inflammatory or immune responses, and oxidative stress in tissues.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 May 2024
Topic Review
Smart Glasses in Applied Sciences
Smart glasses are a type of wearable device that can be worn on the face, and they meet the original objective of enabling clearer vision in addition to functioning as a computer. Since Google released “Google Glass” in 2012, companies such as Sony, Microsoft, and Epson have launched their own smart glass products.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Lignin as Fermentation Substrate
Lignin is the most abundant material, and it can be used to produce value-added products such as lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial lipids, vanillin, muconic acid, and many others.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Peer-to-peer Files Sharing Networks
Peer-to-peer (P2P)  files sharing networks have been one of the most reliable platforms to realize the potential of network coding, since end hosts at the edge of the Internet have abundant computational resources with modern processors. In this survey paper, we extensively summarize, assess, compare, and classify the most recently used techniques to improve P2P content distribution systems performance using network coding. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first comprehensive survey that specifically focuses on the performance of network coding based P2P file sharing systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Liquid-Based 3DP Techniques
Significant advances have been made in recent years in the materials development of liquid-based 4D printing. Nevertheless, employing additive materials such as nanoparticles for enhancing printability and shape memory characteristics is still challenging. Herein, researchers provide an overview of recent developments in liquid-based 4D printing and highlight novel 4D-printable polymeric resins and their nanocomposite components. Recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies that utilise liquid resins, such as stereolithography, digital light processing, material jetting and direct ink writing, are considered. The effects of nanoparticle inclusion within liquid-based resins on the shape memory and mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed nanocomposite components are comprehensively discussed. Employing various filler-modified mixture resins, such as nanosilica, nanoclay and nanographene, as well as fibrous materials to support various properties of 3D printing components is considered.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
CWMFC
CWMFC is a novel technology that has been used for almost a decade for concurrent wastewater treatment and electricity generation in varying scopes of domestic, municipal, and industrial applications since its implementation in 2012. Its advantage of low-cost enhanced wastewater treatment and sustainable bioelectricity generation has gained considerable attention. Nevertheless, the overall efficiency of this novel technology is inclined by several operating factors and configuration strands, such as pH, sewage composition, organic loading, electrode material, filter media, electrogens, hydraulic retention time, and macrophytes. Here, we investigate the effect of the wetland plant component on the overall performance of CWMFCs. The macrophyte’s involvement in the oxygen input, nutrient uptake, and direct degradation of pollutants for the required treatment effect and bioelectricity production are discussed in more detail. The review identifies and compares planted and unplanted CWMFC with their efficiency on COD removal and electricity generation based on previous and recent studies.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Sep 2021
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