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Topic Review
Waste as Cement Replacement in Foamed Concrete
Foamed concrete is a lightweight construction material that has gained popularity due to its excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Foamed concrete production involves using cement as a binding agent, which results in a high carbon footprint. In response to sustainable development goals (SDG), there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative materials that can replace cement to improve energy efficiency, climate change, resource efficiency, and overall improvement of foamed concrete properties.
  • 504
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Waste and Waste-to-Energy Technologies
A World Bank report estimated that 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated worldwide annually, and this is expected to increase to about 3.4 billion tonnes by the year 2050. Waste incineration with energy recovery is a waste-to-energy (WtE) technology which has been established to be an appropriate method of dealing with MSW worldwide.
  • 361
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Washing Damage in E-Textiles
E-textiles, hybrid products that incorporate electronic functionality into textiles, often need to withstand washing procedures to ensure textile typical usability. Yet, the washability—which is essential for many e-textile applications like medical or sports due to hygiene requirements—is often still insufficient. The influence factors for washing damage in textile integrated electronics as well as common weak points are not extensively researched, which makes a targeted approach to improve washability in e-textiles difficult. 
  • 804
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Warp-Field Experiments
Warp-field experiments are a series of current and proposed experiments to create and detect instances of spacetime warping. The ultimate goal is to prove or disprove the possibility of spacetime metric engineering with reasonable amounts of energy.
  • 790
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Wapama (Steam Schooner)
Wapama, also known as Tongass, was a vessel last located in Richmond, California. She was the last surviving example of some 225 wooden steam schooners that served the lumber trade and other coastal services along the Pacific Coast of the United States . She was managed by the National Park Service at San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park until dismantled in August 2013. Wapama was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1984; the designation was withdrawn in 2015.
  • 293
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Wall System with Dynamic Thermal Insulation
Dynamic thermal insulation systems (DTISs) can adapt to external environment conditions and help to reduce energy consumption and increase occupants’ thermal comfort, contributing towards the mitigation of overheating. DTISs adjust their configuration to optimize heat transfer through the façade. 
  • 236
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Walking Recognition in Mobile Devices
Presently, smartphones are used more and more for purposes that have nothing to do with phone calls or simple data transfers. One example is the recognition of human activity, which is relevant information for many applications in the domains of medical diagnosis, elderly assistance, indoor localization, and navigation. The information captured by the inertial sensors of the phone (accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer) can be analyzed to determine the activity performed by the person who is carrying the device, in particular in the activity of walking. Nevertheless, the development of a standalone application able to detect the walking activity starting only from the data provided by these inertial sensors is a complex task. This complexity lies in the hardware disparity, noise on data, and mostly the many movements that the smartphone can experience and which have nothing to do with the physical displacement of the owner. In this work, we explore and compare several approaches for identifying the walking activity. We categorize them into two main groups: the first one uses features extracted from the inertial data, whereas the second one analyzes the characteristic shape of the time series made up of the sensors readings. Due to the lack of public datasets of inertial data from smartphones for the recognition of human activity under no constraints, we collected data from 77 different people who were not connected to this research. Using this dataset, which we published online, we performed an extensive experimental validation and comparison of our proposals.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Walkability of Large Parking Lots on University Campuses
Car-dominated university campuses allocate large areas of land for parking lots, which are major hubs for users to start and end their daily walking trips.
  • 200
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Waka (Canoe)
Waka (Māori: [ˈwaka]) are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes (waka tīwai) used for fishing and river travel to large, decorated war canoes (waka taua) up to 40 metres (130 ft) long. The earliest remains of a canoe in New Zealand were found near the Anaweka estuary in a remote part of the Tasman District and radiocarbon-dated to about 1400. The canoe was constructed in New Zealand, but was a sophisticated canoe, compatible with the style of other Polynesian voyaging canoes at that time. Since the 1970s about eight large double-hulled canoes of about 20 metres have been constructed for oceanic voyaging to other parts of the Pacific. They are made of a blend of modern and traditional materials, incorporating features from ancient Melanesia, as well as Polynesia.
  • 817
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
WAAM of Duplex Stainless Steels
WAAM (Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing) is becoming an increasingly popular method to produce components from metals which are usually not so suitable for conventional production methods. One of the good examples is duplex stainless steels (DSS), which are quite complex for welding and machining. Excessive ferrite amount is a common problem for them and controlling an interlayer temperature could offer a solution. However, using too low interlayer temperature will slow down the whole process and compromise one of the WAAM’s main advantages - the high productivity. Aim of this study is to find the relationship between interlayer temperature and process duration and to determine the influence of the interlayer temperature on product structure and other properties. Three samples (walls) were made using different interlayer temperatures (50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C) and they were tested to analyze their surface texture, chemical composition, ferrite amount, the appearance of porosity and the hardness. Ferrite amount was higher and there was more porosity on lower interlayer temperatures, while there is no significant difference between surface texture and chemical composition for the samples. Considering the fact that higher interlayer temperatures provide a faster process, they should be preferred to produce duplex stainless steel products.
  • 784
  • 16 Dec 2020
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