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Topic Review
Natural Protective Products for Protecting Plants against Insects
Plant protection against insects relies on four main pillars: prevention and biological, chemical, and physical action. The use of chemical insecticides, a common practice, should be avoided unless all other methods have failed due to their potential negative impact on both humans and the environment.
  • 71
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Castanea mollissima
Chestnut (Castanea spp., Fagaceae family) is an economically important tree in the wood processing industry that occurs in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. There are four most important and cultivated chestnut varieties: C. molissima (Chinese chestnut) and C. crenata (Japanese chestnut) are distributed in Asia; C. sativa is distributed in continental Europe (European chestnut); and Castanea dentata is distributed in North America (American chestnut). Chestnuts are a source of nuts and industrial raw materials, including wood, that can be used as firewood, as well as to build timber and barrels for winemaking. Extracts from chestnut shells (e.g., tannins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides), female flower, and spring buds have been applied in the medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare fields. Discarded chestnut shells, inner shells, burs, and leaves have been re-utilized as biomass and catalyst material. The important economic and environmental roles of chestnut underlie its high value to ecosystems and agroforestry systems.
  • 476
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Adaptation to EUTR Requirements: Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia
Eight years after the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) came into force, its effectiveness is still unsatisfactory due to deficient and uneven implementation among member states.  In addition, some Western Balkan countries have poor legality monitoring systems, increasing the risk of trade in illegally harvested timber. Regardless of this, no recent work has analyzed the adaptation of national forest policies to the EUTR obligations. Author study aims to contribute to the understanding of EUTR implementation by analyzing the adaptation of policies of the Western Balkan countries (Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia) to the EUTR. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 22 policy documents from Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia. Documents were coded using coding categories derived from EUTR. Our results point out that none of the analyzed countries have a policy to directly address illegal logging or prevention of illegal activities. As EU members, Slovenia and Croatia has implemented EUTR through laws. The Slovenian Forest Act addresses all EUTR obligations, while Croatian Law on EUTR Implementation does not directly address the obligation of legality. This obligation is addressed by the Law on Forests. As Serbia is not an EU member, it did not implement EUTR. Nevertheless, Serbian Law on Forests addresses all EUTR obligations, but has some discrepancies regarding Traceability obligation. With ongoing discourses on Green Deal policies and the increasing focus on “deforestation-free” commodities, stricter implementation might be expected of EUTR at EU level. Most countries would probably have to build capacities for EUTR implementation and become more transparent and responsible concerning information availability. To successfully implement EUTR, an increased number of checks as well as stricter fines will be needed.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Agroforestry
Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land use practice that creates more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, sustainable land-use systems. However, the uptake of such a promising land use practice is slow. Through this research, carried out in a Terai district of Nepal, we thoroughly examine what influences farmers’ choice of agroforestry adoption and what discourages the adoption. For this, a total of 288 households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Two agroforestry practices were compared with conventional agriculture with the help of the Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNL) model. The likelihood of adoption was found to be influenced by gender: the male-headed households were more likely to adopt the tree-based farming practice. Having a source of off-farm income was positively associated with the adoption decision of farmers. Area of farmland was found as the major constraint to agroforestry adoption for smallholder farmers. Some other variables that affected positively included livestock herd size, provision of extension service, home-to-forest distance, farmers’ group membership and awareness of farmers about environmental benefits of agroforestry. Irrigation was another adoption constraint that the study area farmers were faced with. The households with a means of transport and with a larger family (household) size were found to be reluctant regarding agroforestry adoption. A collective farming practice could be a strategy to engage the smallholder farmers in agroforestry.
  • 897
  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Agroforestry and Global Climate Adaptation
Agroforestry plays a defining role in offsetting greenhouse gases, providing sustainable livelihoods, localizing Sustainable Development Goals and achieving biodiversity targets. 
  • 675
  • 08 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Agroforestry and Related Myths
Agroforestry, a sustainable land-use system that combines the trees, crops, and livestock on the same piece of land, increases the overall productivity of the land and create a system that is scientifically sound, ecologically desirable, socially acceptable and practically feasible. 
  • 487
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Melanogenic Activity of Calocedrus formosana Wood Essential Oil
Calocedrus formosana (Cupressaceae) is one of the five precious woods of Taiwan. C. formosana wood essential oil (CFEO) could be a potential melanogenesis inhibitor.  Among the composition of C. formosana wood essential oil (CFEO), thymol exhibited the strongest the inhibitory melanin production activity the anti-melanogenesis principal of CFEO might be thymol. 
  • 526
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Eupatorium in Cosmetic Ingredients
The Eupatorium plant has been well used in medication and as a decorative plant. Some studies have reported that this herb has biochemical compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, phenolics, polysaccharides, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Thus, it has pharmacological effects, including antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antinociceptive properties, that can be utilized for cosmetic purposes.
  • 356
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Areca nut
Scientific name:  Areca catechu L. Family: Arecaceae Centre of origin: South-East Asia Common name: kamuhu, adakka, adike, Pinang palm, Betel palm, Areca palm, Supari, Kaunga The generic name is derived from the common name used by the people of the Malabar Coast in southwestern India.
  • 3.3K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Beech and Walnut Wood
Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests in Iran are one of the most important sources of the hardwood species used for lumber, furniture, and interior object design due to its hardness, wear resistance, strength, and excellent bending capabilities. 
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Jul 2021
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