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Topic Review
Nanosystems for Brain Drug Delivery
Antipsychotic drugs have numerous disabling side effects, and many are lipophilic, making them hard to formulate at high strength. Incorporating them into nanometric emulsions can increase their solubility, protect them from degradation, and increase their brain delivery, being a promising strategy to overcome the current treatment gap.
  • 586
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System for Phytochemical Compounds
According to the literature, 70% of the active ingredients obtained from plants are hydrophobic. New technology has been used as a strategy to increase the bioavailability/bioactivity of phytochemical compounds. In order to develop new nanotechnology-based therapies, the ability to design suitable formulations for drug delivery is of the utmost importance. Phytochemical delivery is essential for effective disease prevention and treatment. These delivery systems include lipid-based delivery systems and polymer-based delivery systems, which have the potential to increase the bioactivity of phytochemical compounds.
  • 602
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanotheranostic Platforms
Globally, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, needing a meticulous diagnosis and targeted treatment plan to achieve an initial prognosis, followed by precision and optimization in treatment. Nonselective targeting, difficulty in accurately monitoring treatment end-results, serious drug side-effects, and severity of disease resulting in metastasis are the key flaws of traditional techniques. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles possess special features to completely transform the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
  • 301
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanotheranostics for Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis refers to the pathophysiological conditions where the medium and large arteries are significantly affected due to spatial deposition of various materials such as lipoproteins (particularly cholesterol), immune cells (circulating monocytes), proinflammatory factors (i.e., macrophages and T-cells), degraded extracellular matrix components and necrotic products. Atherosclerosis is considered to be the primary cause of chronic CVDs, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a series of physiological events, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, lipoprotein deposition, vascular remodeling, and finally, plaque formation.
  • 542
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nanotherapeutic Approaches to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancers
Nanotherapeutics serve not so much to overcome the chemotherapeutic treatment, but rather to overcome the chemoresistance of cancers, improve pharmacokinetics of the drugs, and decrease or eliminate their systemic toxicity and so on. The foremost objective of the nanotherapeutics-based approach is to target specific cancer cells and their microenvironment with minimal toxicity by delivering chemotherapeutic agents efficiently to the target site. Moreover, the development of nanotherapeutics in the past few years indicates its considerable potential in the cancer therapeutic domain.
  • 560
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nanovesicles for Enhanced Drug Delivery
Liposomes are the classic and first investigated phospholipid vesicles. These are rigid nanovesicles, and their ability to enhance drug permeability to the deeper skin layers is limited. 
  • 178
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Natural Compound Berberine
Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) which results from a failure or an impairment of the protein quality control (PQC) system. The PQC system is composed by chaperones and the degradative systems (proteasome and autophagy). Misfolded proteins are potentially neurotoxic, thus strategies aimed at preventing their aggregation or enhancing their clearance are emerging as interesting therapeutic targets for NDs. We tested the natural alkaloid berberine (BBR) and some derivatives (NAXs) for their capability to enhance misfolded proteins clearance in cell models of NDs. We found that both BBR and its semisynthetic derivatives promoted proteasomal degradation of mutant androgen receptor (ARpolyQ) causative of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, preventing its aggregation. Overlapping effects were observed on other misfolded proteins causative of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal-lobar degeneration or Huntington disease, but with selective and specific action against each different mutant protein. BBR and NAX compounds induce the clearance of misfolded proteins responsible for NDs, representing potential therapeutic tools to counteract these fatal disorders.  
  • 801
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Natural Compounds and Autophagy Modulation
Autophagy is a vacuolar, lysosomal degradation pathway for injured and damaged protein molecules and organelles in eukaryotic cells, which is controlled by nutrients and stress responses. Dysregulation of cellular autophagy may lead to various diseases such as neurodegenerative disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and malignancies. Recently, natural compounds have come to attention for being able to modulate the autophagy pathway in cancer prevention, although the prospective role of autophagy in cancer treatment is very complex and not yet clearly elucidated. Numerous synthetic chemicals have been identified that modulate autophagy and are favorable candidates for cancer treatment, but they have adverse side effects. Therefore, different phytochemicals, which include natural compounds and their derivatives, have attracted significant attention for use as autophagy modulators in cancer treatment with minimal side effects.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Natural Compounds as Ferroptosis Inducers
Ferroptosis is classified as a non-canonical cell death mechanism. To date, several natural compounds have been discovered to induce ferroptosis in different cancer models.
  • 2.4K
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Natural Compounds with Antioxidant in Maintaining Eye Health
An antioxidant compound can be defined as a substance that can delay or prevent oxidation. The body uses different strategies against the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS): firstly, antioxidant enzymes are used, as already reported, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px). It is important to remember that some antioxidant enzymes need micronutrients to function properly, such as zinc, selenium, copper and manganese. Secondly, ROS can be reduced or neutralized by the intake of antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E (a-tocopherol), beta-carotene, and vitamin C, among others. An insufficient intake of foods with antioxidant function or an unbalanced diet can alter the body’s natural antioxidant system and facilitate the damage induced by ROS. Additional defense mechanisms include antioxidant compounds, such as metallothionein, melanin, and glutathione. Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. Evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders. A combination of nutraceuticals and antioxidants may represent the right solution for a multi-action activity in eye protection.
  • 543
  • 09 Jan 2023
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