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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation
Throughout the last two decades, there has been increasing focus on the discovery and translation of new immune-stimulating agents. These compounds are often collectively referred to as adjuvants due to their precedent of use in vaccine development. There has been an expansion in the application of adjuvants in oncology and other areas as the understanding and definition of adjuvants continue to grow. Adjuvants stimulate key cell types in the innate immune system and can influence the scale and class of immune response directed towards a given antigen or antigens.
473
07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Antibody–Drug Conjugates for Non-Oncological Applications
Typically, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are made up of a humanized antibody and a small-molecule medication connected by a chemical linker. ADCs’ ability to deliver cytotoxic agents to the specific site with reduced side effects showed promising results in oncology. Inspired by these outcomes, scientists explored the potential of antibody–drug conjugates in non-oncological conditions such as arthritis, myasthenia gravis, immunological disorders, and kidney failure.
610
07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Immunomodulatory Properties of
Nigella sativa
Seed Extracts
For thousands of years till nowadays, Nigella sativa (NS) has served as a common spice and food preservative. Its seed extracts, seed oil, and essential oil in traditional medicine have been used to remedy many ailments such as headaches, fever, gastric complaints, and even rheumatism. In addition, the antibacterial, virucidal, fungicidal, and antiparasitic properties of NS are well known. However, studies on the possible immunomodulatory effects of black cumin are relatively scarce.
262
06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticles in the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Membrane
Intestinal epithelial cells are the most abundant epithelial cells in the intestine, accounting for 90–95% of intestinal cells. They are columnar cells with hair-like projections called microvilli on the apical membrane, which greatly increase the surface area available for absorption. The transintestinal cell pathway refers to the process in which nanoparticles pass through apical and basolateral membranes via intercellular transport and then discharge from the basement membrane to the extracellular space. The entire process can be divided into three stages: the uptake of nanoparticles in the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, the transport of endosomes in the cytoplasm and the exocytosis of nanoparticles in the basement membrane.
371
05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Peripheralization Strategies Applied to Morphinans
Among therapeutically valuable opioids, morphinans are of the utmost clinical importance as analgesic drugs because of their agonistic actions to the mu-opioid receptor. They include powerful pain relieving agents, such as naturally occurring alkaloids (e.g., morphine and codeine), semisynthetic analogues (e.g., hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone and buprenorphine), and synthetic derivatives (e.g., levorphanol).
285
29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Structure and Function of Integrins
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate adhesive connections between cells and their surroundings, including surrounding cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). They modulate tissue mechanics and regulate intracellular signaling, including cell generation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation, and the up-regulation of integrins in tumor cells has been confirmed to be associated with tumor development, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Thus, integrins are expected to be an effective target to improve the efficacy of tumor therapy. A variety of integrin-targeting nanodrugs have been developed to improve the distribution and penetration of drugs in tumors, thereby, improving the efficiency of clinical tumor diagnosis and treatment.
676
29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Trans-Regulatory KLF14 Gene
Krüpple-Like family of transcription factor-14 (KLF14) is a master trans-regulatory gene that has multiple biological regulatory functions and is involved in many pathological mechanisms. It controls the expressions of several other genes which are involved in multiple regulatory functions.
319
28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Curcumin Consumption on Inflammation/Oxidative Stress
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages lead to exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress. Patients with CKD in stage 5 need renal hemodialysis (HD) to remove toxins and waste products. However, this renal replacement therapy (RRT) is inefficient in controlling inflammation. Regular curcumin consumption has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with chronic pathologies, suggesting that the daily intake of curcumin may alleviate these conditions in HD patients.
429
26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
New Potential Heterocyclic Molecular Targeted Drugs
Heterocyclic compounds, which are made up of both carbon and non-carbon atoms, serve as a crucial structural foundation for numerous chemicals with pharmacological and biological value. The research on heterocyclic compounds is an important part of organic chemistry and is utilized extensively in many industries, especially medicine. Heterocyclic compounds serve as the main active ingredient in a variety of pharmaceuticals, including analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tubercular drugs, antihypertensives, antidepressants, and even anticancer drugs. Many novel heterocyclic targeted drugs have emerged.Molecular targeted therapy is a key element of the new era of comprehensive multidisciplinary cancer treatment. A considerable number of molecular targeted medications have been created as part of the development of targeted therapy.
248
25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Skin Pigmentation
Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients’ physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities. Hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced, are the two major classifications of skin pigmentation. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison’s disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosinase, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan.
648
25 Jun 2023
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