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Topic Review
Myeloid Differentiation 88 (MyD88)
Myeloid differentiation 88 (MyD88) is a well-established inflammatory adaptor protein.
  • 274
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
New Potential Heterocyclic Molecular Targeted Drugs
Heterocyclic compounds, which are made up of both carbon and non-carbon atoms, serve as a crucial structural foundation for numerous chemicals with pharmacological and biological value. The research on heterocyclic compounds is an important part of organic chemistry and is utilized extensively in many industries, especially medicine. Heterocyclic compounds serve as the main active ingredient in a variety of pharmaceuticals, including analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tubercular drugs, antihypertensives, antidepressants, and even anticancer drugs. Many novel heterocyclic targeted drugs have emerged.Molecular targeted therapy is a key element of the new era of comprehensive multidisciplinary cancer treatment. A considerable number of molecular targeted medications have been created as part of the development of targeted therapy. 
  • 272
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Anticancer Activity of Napabucasin
Napabucasin (also known as BBI608) is a natural naphthoquinone originally identified as a cancer cell stemness inhibitor. Accumulated in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrated that napabucasin showed significant anticancer effects in various types of cancers. Napabucasin showed multiple anticancer activities, including proliferation inhibition, cell death induction, cell cycle arrest, metastasis suppression, drug resistance overcoming, and stemness inhibition, etc., which were documented in many benchworks.
  • 268
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most relevant neurotransmitter systems in the brain and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cognitive abilities, mood, stress, and sleep.
  • 266
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Second-Entry Semisolid Topical Products
The development of second-entry topical products is hampered by several factors. The excipient composition should be similar to the reference product because excipients may also contribute to efficacy. Conventional pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies were not considered acceptable because drug concentrations are measured downstream after the site of action. There was no agreed methodology to characterize the microstructure of semisolids, and waivers of therapeutic equivalence studies with clinical endpoints were not possible.
  • 266
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
pH-Responsive Vaccine Delivery System in Cancer Vaccines Formulation
Cancer vaccination as an immunotherapy to increase the immune system’s anti-tumor immunity has been extensively studied.  Extracellular and intracellular pH measurements reveal that the endocytic spaces of DCs have a somewhat acidic pH. While being surrounded by endosomal structures, proteases are more quickly destroyed as a consequence of antigen import by endocytosis and the consequent acidification of the lysosome. Low endosomal pH is a suitable internal signal for pH-responsive vaccine delivery techniques for regulating antigen production. Reacting to changes in pH, this intracellular distribution may be achieved by using acid-catalyzed disintegration, particle phase shift, and the “proton sponge effect”. When it comes to the administration of cancer vaccines, pH-responsive biomaterials have attracted the greatest attention.
  • 265
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Fucoxanthin
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance.
  • 264
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Thiophenes
Thiophenes represent a small family of natural metabolites featured by one to five thiophene rings. Numerous plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae commonly produce thiophenes. These metabolites possessed remarkable bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, antioxidant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and nematicidal properties.
  • 264
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae
Since ancient times, various scientists and doctors have utilized different herbs to heal diseases. Due to the rise in drug resistance and the negative effects of chemosynthetic drugs, researchers and the general public around the world have become more interested in medicinal herbs and plant metabolites/extracts. This is due to its non-toxicity and its several health benefits when used to treat diseases in clinical and medical settings. Ocimum basilicum is one such plant, possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides, as well as complex pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties.
  • 264
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Phytochemicals and Parkinson’s Disease
Complementary therapies and phytonutrients derived from plant sources have been proposed as treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Numerous natural phytochemicals have emerged as therapeutically interesting compounds, drug entities, and phytochemicals for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, numerous pharmacological studies have shown that phytochemicals are useful in treating neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), depression, and dementia.
  • 262
  • 10 Jul 2023
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