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Topic Review
NAFLD Distribution
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Nowadays, its prevalence is 25% worldwide and it is projected to reach the 30% in 2030, making NAFLD an important public health issue. NAFLD prevalence can vary according to the region and the social group under study. In fact, NAFLD distribution shows large inequalities by social group: Males have higher NAFLD prevalence, although if only postmenopausal women are taken into account, the prevalence is similar between genders. In the US, the Hispanic population has the highest NAFLD prevalence and African-American the lowest. Finally, higher NAFLD prevalence has been found among individuals with lower socioeconomic positions and food-insecure households. 
  • 453
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Worldwide, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) significantly increases mortality and morbidity. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has had a considerable impact on healthcare systems all around the world, having a significant effect on planned patient activity and established care pathways, in order to meet the difficult task of the global pandemic. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are considered a particularly susceptible population and conceivably at increased risk for severe COVID-19 because of two combined risk factors: chronic advanced liver disease and HCC itself. In these challenging times, it is mandatory to reshape clinical practice in a prompt way to preserve the highest standards of patient care and safety.
  • 452
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Microbiota in Healthy Individuals
Although the microbiome is dynamic, changing in relation with human age and health status, there is an equilibrium between different types of species maintaining eubiosis and sustaining an absence of pathology. “All diseases begin in the gut” is an ancient quote that still maintains its truth: alteration of the composition and function of the healthy microbial structure leads to dysbiosis, resulting in various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, systemic metabolic diseases, and neurological impairments.
  • 452
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microvascular Thrombosis and Liver Fibrosis Progression
Fibrosis is a frequent consequence of organ injury. The formation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) depends on a complex cascade of cellular and molecular pathways, the chronic activation of which results in a sustained fibrogenic process that leads to structural changes and, ultimately, to dysfunction of the affected organ. Thus, fibrosis is a major contributor to organ failure in human pathophysiology.
  • 450
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
BCAAs Metabolism during Chronic Liver Disease in Humans
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), indispensable for protein synthesis and metabolic pathways, undergo unique tissue-specific processing in skeletal muscle and liver. The liver, responsible for amino acid metabolism, plays a distinctive role in sensing BCAAs catabolism, influencing glucose regulation and contributing to the systemic metabolism of BCAAs.
  • 450
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Endoscopic Bariatric and Metabolic Therapies
Obesity is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly more prevalent and is associated with many health problems, such as metabolic syndrome. The treatment options for obese patients include lifestyle modification, medications, endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs), and surgery. In particular, EBMTs have an excellent therapeutic effect and are less invasive than bariatric surgery.
  • 449
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a Th-2 antigen-mediated disease in which there is an influx of eosinophils to all layers of the esophagus, triggering an inflammatory response. Chronic inflammatory process causes esophageal remodeling, leading to difficulties in swallowing. Food impaction, heartburn, and chest pain are other characteristic (but not pathognomonic) symptoms in adults.
  • 449
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori
Despite the declining trend of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) prevalence around the globe, ongoing efforts are still needed to optimize current and future regimens in view of the increasing antibiotic resistance. The resistance of H. pylori to different antibiotics is caused by different molecular mechanisms, and advancements in sequencing technology have come a far way in broadening our understanding and in facilitating the testing of antibiotic susceptibility to H. pylori.
  • 449
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Problems in COVID-19 Patients
The gastrointestinal tract is the body’s largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors.
  • 448
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Translational Application of Fluorescent Molecular Probes
Ischemia and reperfusion injury comprise complex mechanisms involving disarrangement of the splanchnic microcirculatory flow and impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain due to initial hypoxemia and subsequent oxidative stress during the reperfusion phase. 
  • 447
  • 19 Apr 2022
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