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Topic Review
Caenorhabditis elegans and Tau Toxicity
Relevant information on the molecular basis of human neurodegeneration in vivo can be obtained using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Two main approaches can be applied: the overexpression of genes/proteins leading to neuronal dysfunction and death and studies in which proteins prone to misfolding are exogenously administered to induce a neurotoxic phenotype. These approaches can be employed to screen drugs and small molecules that can interact with the biogenesis and dynamics of formation of tau aggregates and to analyze their interactions with other cellular proteins.
  • 543
  • 13 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Caregiving in Parkinson´s Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation
In Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the progressive nature of the disease and the variability of disabling motor and non-motor symptoms contribute to the growing caregiver burden (CB) of PD partners and conflicts in their relationships. In advanced stages of the disease, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) improves PD symptoms and patients quality of life but the effect of DBS on CB of PD partners seems to be heterogeneous. The CB in the context of DBS framing both pre-, peri- and postoperative aspects aims to be illuminated, and further recognition of caregiver burden in partners of PD patients with DBS will be stimulated.
  • 549
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cases of Neurosarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown cause characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The disease can affect any organ including the nervous system. Neurosarcoidosis occurs in about 5% patients with sarcoidosis. The clinical presentation of neurosarcoidosis is varied, and it can involve the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, separately or in different combinations. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is challenging, as biopsies from the nervous system are not readily available. Anti-TNFα agents are becoming one of the cornerstone treatments for neurosarcoidosis. 
  • 125
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters
Stroke is one of the major culprits responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the currently available pharmacological strategies to combat this global disease are scanty. Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are expressed in several tissues (including neurons) and extensively contribute to the maintenance of numerous physiological functions including chloride homeostasis.
  • 870
  • 07 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Cell Therapy for Intervertebral Discs
An important mechanism for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an imbalance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic approaches for cytokine imbalance correction in IDD either do not give the expected result, or give a short period of time. This explains the relevance of high-tech medical care, which is part of specialized care and includes the use of new resource-intensive methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. 
  • 164
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Central Nervous System in Trichinellosis
Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw meat infected with larvae of nematode in the genus Trichinella. 
  • 561
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Central Obesity and the Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome
Central obesity refers to excessive abdominal fat that builds up around visceral organs and negatively impacts health. It is the key element of the MetS, the common pathological feature in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Central obesity has more important health consequences than the body mass index in general and the CTS in particular. Apparently, central androgenic obesity does not fit the female predominance of the CTS. This gender distribution was initially explained by the smaller cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel in women and the fluid retention caused by estrogens.
  • 342
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Cerebral Ischemia
Cerebral ischemia represents the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in adults. This process results from decreasing cerebral blood flow levels as a result of the occlusion of a major cerebral artery. This restriction in blood supply generates low levels of oxygen and glucose, which leads to a decrease in the energy metabolism of the cell, producing inflammation, and finally, neurological deterioration. Currently, blood restoration of flow is the only effective approach as a therapy in terms of ischemic stroke. However, a significant number of patients still have a poor prognosis, probably owing to the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the reperfusion of damaged tissue. Oxidative stress and inflammation can be avoided by modulating mitochondrial function and have been identified as potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. In recent years, the beneficial actions of flavonoids and polyphenols against cerebrovascular diseases have been extensively investigated. The use of resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to markedly decrease brain damage caused by ischemia in numerous studies. According to in vitro and in vivo experiments, there is growing evidence that RSV is involved in several pathways, including cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 regulation, JAK/ERK/STAT signaling pathway modulation, TLR4 signal transduction regulation, gut/brain axis modulation, GLUT3 up-regulation inhibition, neuronal autophagy activation, and de novo SUR1 expression inhibition.
  • 685
  • 09 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cerebral Metabolic Dysfunction after SAH
Cerebral metabolic dysfunction has been shown to extensively mediate the pathophysiology of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 
  • 470
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Chaperone Sigma1R and Antidepressant Effect
The Sigma1R chaperone interacts with cellular mechanisms, which are associated with the formation of a depressive phenotype. Sigma1R is also involved in the pharmacodynamics of antidepressants with various pharmacological targets. As a result of ligand activation, Sigma1R is capable of intracellular translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the region of nuclear and cellular membranes, where it interacts with resident proteins. This unique property of Sigma1R provides regulation of various receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and transcriptional factors. Pharmacological activation of chaperone Sigma1R can be considered a promising strategy to improve and develop approaches for combined, adjuvant pharmacotherapy of depression.
  • 562
  • 09 Oct 2020
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