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Topic Review
Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome associated with poor quality of life, substantial healthcare resource utilization, and premature mortality, in large part related to high rates of hospitalizations. The clinical manifestations of heart failure are similar regardless of the ejection fraction. Unlike heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there are few therapeutic options for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Molecular therapies that have shown reduced mortality and morbidity in heart failure with reduced ejection have not been proven to be effective for patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. The study of pathophysiological processes involved in the production of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is the basis for identifying new therapeutic means.
  • 145
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a commensal bacterium that causes various infections in surgical sites, the urinary tract, and blood. The bacterium is becoming a significant concern because it tends to affect the elderly population, which has a high prevalence of undiagnosed degenerative valvular disease and is often subjected to invasive procedures and implanted medical devices. The bacterium’s actions are influenced by specific characteristics like pili activity and biofilm formation. This resistance significantly impedes the effectiveness of numerous antibiotic therapies, particularly in cases of endocarditis.
  • 69
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 in Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke causes a heavy health burden worldwide, with over 10 million new cases every year. Despite the high prevalence and mortality rate of ischemic stroke, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the common etiological factors of ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke itself remain unclear, which results in insufficient preventive strategies and ineffective treatments for this devastating disease. The transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), a non-selective ion channel activated by oxidative stress, is actively involved in all the important steps in the etiology and pathology of ischemic stroke. 
  • 539
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Transcriptomic Analysis in Heart Failure
Heart failure constitutes a clinical complex syndrome with different symptomatic characteristics depending on age, sex, race and ethnicity, among others, which has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence. One of the most interesting tools seeking to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this pathology has focused on finding new molecular biomarkers since heart failure relies on deficient cardiac homeostasis, which is regulated by a strict gene expression. Therefore, currently, analyses of non-coding RNA transcriptomics have been oriented towards human samples. 
  • 92
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transcription Control of Liver Development
During liver organogenesis, cellular transcriptional profiles are constantly reshaped by the action of hepatic transcriptional regulators, including FoxA1-3, GATA4/6, HNF1α/β, HNF4α, HNF6, OC-2, C/EBPα/β, Hex, and Prox1. These factors are crucial for the activation of hepatic genes. The initial opening of highly condensed chromatin is executed by a special class of transcription factors known as pioneer factors. This is followed by the progressive recruitment of chromatin modifiers and the stable or transient binding of other transcription factors, which lead to the gradual deposition of activating histone modifications and the broadening of active chromatin domains. The resulting permissive chromatin state facilitates the assembly of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) and promotes transcriptional initiation.
  • 447
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Procedure
Severe tricuspid commitment is no longer understood as merely a marker of disease but is now widely thought of as a significant contributor to cardiac morbidity and mortality. However, isolated tricuspid valve surgery remains rare and to this day continues to be associated with the highest surgical risk among all valve procedures and high operative mortality rates, especially in reoperations. Therefore, the development of tricuspid transcatheter procedures is as necessary as it was for the other valves a couple of years ago. Recently, multiple percutaneous therapies have been developed for the management of severe tricuspid disease, initially only repair and more recently replacement, thus creating a new branch for the management of patients who have already undergone surgery and who present with dysfunctional bioprostheses.
  • 474
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Interventions
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common valvular pathology, estimated to affect 1.6 million people in the United States alone. Even though guidelines recommend either medical therapy or surgical treatment for TR, the misconception of TR as a benign disease along with the high mortality rates of surgical intervention led to undertreating this disease and commonly describing it as a “forgotten” valve.
  • 318
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement
The transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is performed through the implantation of either an aortic or mitral transcatheter heart valve (THV) in the mitral position. Although not specifically designed for the mitral position, the aortic THV has been successfully employed in patients with failed bioprostheses (mitral valve-in-valve (MViV)), failed prosthetic rings and bands (mitral valve-in-ring (MViR)) and native calcified valves (valve in mitral annular calcification (ViMAC)). On the other hand, newer TMVR devices with mitral THVs have primarily been used for native noncalcified mitral valves. 
  • 334
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair or Replacement
Transcatheter devices have been developed to repair or replace diseased mitral valves (MV). Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) devices have been proven to be efficient and safe, but many anatomical structures are not compatible with these technologies.
  • 323
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Intervention Complications and Challenges
Since the first in man transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) performed by Dr. Alain Cribier in 2002 in a non-operable aortic stenosis (AS) patient, TAVI has changed the lives of so many patients for whom medical treatment was, up to then, the only option.
  • 158
  • 12 Oct 2023
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