Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Applying CADD for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. 
  • 998
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Appraising Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer
Approximately 75% of breast cancer (BC) is associated with luminal differentiation expressing endocrine receptors (ER). For ER+ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)− tumors, adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) is the cornerstone treatment. Although relapse events steadily continue, the ET benefits translate to dramatically lengthen life expectancy with bearable side-effects.
  • 365
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Approach for Molecular Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent some of the most challenging complications whose incidence will consequently rise in proportion to surgeries. The manifestation and evaluation of physical findings such as acute local inflammation, fever, and wound drainage, may correlate to the presence of PJIs; indeed, these clinical manifestation are of great value in raising the suspicion of PJIs. 
  • 395
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Approach to Beta-Lactam Allergy
Beta-lactam antibiotics are considered a first-line therapy in many bacterial infections and include agents such as penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. However, beta-lactam antibiotics are a common cause of adverse drug reactions and are associated with high rates of antibiotic allergy. Unverified beta-lactam allergies are a substantial public health problem, as the majority of patients labeled as beta-lactam allergic do not have clinically significant allergies that may hinder the use beta-lactam therapy when indicated. Outdated or inaccurate beta-lactam or penicillin allergies can result in serious consequences, including suboptimal antibiotic therapy, increased risk of adverse effects, and use of broader spectrum antibiotics than indicated, which may contribute to antimicrobial resistance.
  • 426
  • 15 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Approach to CALR-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
CALR mutations are a revolutionary discovery and represent an important hallmark of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), especially essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. To date, several CALR mutations were identified, with only frameshift mutations linked to the diseased phenotype. It is of diagnostic and prognostic importance to properly define the type of CALR mutation and subclassify it according to its structural similarities to the classical mutations, a 52-bp deletion (type 1 mutation) and a 5-bp insertion (type 2 mutation), using a statistical approximation algorithm (AGADIR). Today, the knowledge on the pathogenesis of CALR-positive MPN is expanding and several cellular mechanisms have been recognized that finally cause a clonal hematopoietic expansion.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 May 2021
Topic Review
Approaches for Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) characterized by the uncoordinated activity of the heart chambers, with the atria exhibiting irregular and high-rate electrical activity. Autoencoders (AEs) can be used as an automatic feature extraction tool, tailoring the resulting features to a specific classification task. By coupling an encoder to a classifier, it is possible to reduce the dimension of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat waveforms and classify them. 
  • 116
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Approaches for Drug Delivery to the Brain
Brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases are on the rise, treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases remain limited. Despite the significant advancement in drug development technology with emerging biopharmaceuticals like gene therapy or recombinant protein, the clinical translational rate of such biopharmaceuticals to treat CNS disease is extremely poor. The blood–brain barrier (BBB), which separates the brain from blood and protects the CNS microenvironment to maintain essential neuronal functions, poses the greatest challenge for CNS drug delivery. Many strategies have been developed over the years which include local disruption of BBB via physical and chemical methods, and drug transport across BBB via transcytosis by targeting some endogenous proteins expressed on brain-capillary. Drug delivery to brain is an ever-evolving topic, although there were multiple review articles in literature, an update is warranted due to continued growth and new innovations of research on this topic.
  • 160
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Approaches for Myopia Management
Different kinds of therapies (optical, pharmaceutical, environmental, or behavioral) have been researched to prevent or postpone the beginning of myopia and to decrease its progression in order to minimize the associated ocular diseases connected to myopia. Regarding environmental approaches, several meta-analyses have shown that spending more time outside is associated with a lower incidence of myopia.
  • 343
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease Intervention
Interventions aimed at the cellular origin of the pathology would have a better chance of preventing and treating cardiovascular disease, lowering healthcare costs, and incurring less risk.
  • 536
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Approaches to Estimate Minimum Clinically Important Differences
The origin of evidence-based medicine (EBM) dates back to the 1970s. This paradigm emphasizes a methodical evaluation of the evidence for use in health care decision-making, along with the knowledge of decision-makers and the expectations and values of patients. There is a growing awareness of correlating statistically significant results with clinical relevance in clinical trials to avoid the misinterpretation of study findings and prevent patients from being exposed to unnecessary therapies. The concept of “clinically important difference”, which has been developed as a way to overcome the drawbacks of a “statistically significant difference” and which represents a change that the patient feels, is noteworthy. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is the threshold value for such a change, first described by Jaeschke and colleagues in 1989. There has been a shift towards considering clinical relevance rather than just statistical significance in interpreting results from clinical trials. Multiple rating scales, such as the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Barthel Index (BI), are commonly used as outcome measures in both daily neurological practice and clinical trials, including stroke trials.
  • 248
  • 18 Jan 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 1352
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback