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Topic Review
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
A major obstacle contributing to the decreased efficacy of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs is the prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI, or premature ovarian failure—POF) in infertile patients. In addition, the age-related decline in follicle number leads to a lower availability of oocytes in IVF cycles in the poor prognosis group characterized by a poor response to ovarian stimulation, resulting in a higher dropout rate of ART cycles and a lower number of live births.
  • 230
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Scaffolds for Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration
Regenerative dentistry aims to regenerate the pulp–dentin complex and restore those of its functions that have become compromised by pulp injury and/or inflammation. Scaffold-based techniques are a regeneration strategy that replicate a biological environment by utilizing a suitable scaffold, which is considered crucial for the successful regeneration of dental pulp. 
  • 151
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Regulation of m6A Methylome in Cancer
Reversible N6-adenosine methylation of mRNA, referred to as m6A modification, has emerged as an important regulator of post-transcriptional RNA processing. Numerous studies have highlighted its crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, particularly cancer. Post-translational modifications of m6A-related proteins play a fundamental role in regulating the m6A methylome, thereby influencing the fate of m6A-methylated RNA. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate m6A-related proteins and the factors contributing to the specificity of m6A deposition has the potential to unveil novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. 
  • 215
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Gordian Knot of C. auris
Since its first description in 2009, Candida auris has, so far, resulted in large hospital outbreaks worldwide and is considered an emerging global public health threat. Exceptionally for yeast, it is gifted with a profoundly worrying invasive potential and high inter-patient transmissibility. At the same time, it is capable of colonizing and persisting in both patients and hospital settings for prolonged periods of time, thus creating a vicious cycle of acquisition, spreading, and infection. It exhibits various virulence qualities and thermotolerance, osmotolerance, filamentation, biofilm formation and hydrolytic enzyme production, which are mainly implicated in its pathogenesis. Owing to its unfavorable profile of resistance to diverse antifungal agents and the lack of effective treatment options, the implementation of robust infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is crucial for controlling and minimizing intra-hospital transmission of C. auris. Rapid and accurate microbiological identification, adherence to hand hygiene, use of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), proper handling of catheters and implantable devices, contact isolation, periodical environmental decontamination, targeted screening, implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs and communication between healthcare facilities about residents’ C. auris colonization status are recognized as coherent strategies for preventing its spread.
  • 94
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Immunotherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a locally aggressive disease related to asbestos exposure with a median survival for untreated patients of 4–8 months. The growing research in the field of MPM has culminated in the approval of new therapies that improve patient survival. New combinations of immunotherapy with chemotherapy could further improve patient outcomes.
  • 165
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Chondroitin Sulphate Based Nanoparticle Production
Joint damage is a major symptom of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that worsens over time. Due to its poor regenerative and self-healing properties, cartilage repair after lesions or debilitating disease is a major clinical issue.
  • 112
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
TAMs and PD-1 Networking in Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and aggressive types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven effective in treating various types of cancer. The use of ICIs in GC patients is currently an area of ongoing research. The tumor microenvironment (TME) also seems to play a crucial role in cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant population in the TME. TAMs are capable of displaying programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on their surface and can form a ligand with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is found on the surface of cancer cells. Therefore, it is expected that TAMs may significantly influence the immune response related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
  • 93
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of 3D Printing in Dentistry
3D printing technologies include stereolithography, digital light processing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, photopolymer jetting, powder binder, and 3D laser bioprinting. The main categories of 3D printing materials are polymers, metals, and ceramics. Despite limitations in printing accuracy and quality, 3D printing technology is now able to offer people a wide variety of potential applications in different fields of dentistry, including prosthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial, orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics. Understanding the existing spectrum of 3D printing applications in dentistry will serve to further expand its use in the dental field. Three-dimensional printing technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of clinical care in medicine and dentistry. 
  • 192
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inferior Mesenteric Artery Ligation Level in Rectal-Cancer Surgery
Within the intricate field of rectal cancer surgery, the contentious debate over the optimal level of ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) persists as an ongoing discussion, influencing surgical approaches and patient outcomes.
  • 116
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pulmonary Hypertension Screening Methods for ILD Patients
Heightened suspicion for pulmonary hypertension (PH) arises when the advancement of dyspnoea in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients diverges from the expected pattern of decline in pulmonary function parameters. The complexity of PH associated with ILD (PH-ILD) diagnostics is emphasized by the limitations of transthoracic echocardiography in the ILD population, necessitating the exploration of alternative diagnostic approaches. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerges as a promising tool, offering insights into hemodynamic parameters and providing valuable prognostic information. The potential of biomarkers, alongside pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise tests, is explored for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic precision.
  • 125
  • 08 Jan 2024
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