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Topic Review
Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection Hearing Loss
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces a clinical syndrome usually associated with hearing loss. However, the effect of acquired CVM infection in adults and children has not been clearly defined.
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Acquired Isolated Factor VII Deficiency in Plasma Cell
Acquired isolated factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare but important discovery in patients with plasma cell disorders with significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. The discovery of acquired FVII deficiency in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM) or monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) should prompt an evaluation for AL amyloidosis, particularly for amyloid hepatosplenic involvement, whenever not previously documented. Acquired FVII deficiency in patients with MM and AL amyloidosis is frequently associated with severe bleeding diathesis, also related to a number of concomitant predisposing factors, adversely affecting the outcome. The prompt institution of a rapidly acting therapy is crucial to prevent severe bleeding complications and positively impact outcome. Recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa) may represent a useful supportive care measure, both in treating active bleeding and in the peri-procedural setting. However, further clinical experience is needed to optimize the therapeutic management of this rare disorder.
  • 109
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Acrylate Polymers in Dentistry
Concerning the composition and method of polymerization initiation, polymers for the production of denture bases are divided into four types: heat-, cold-, light-, and microwave-polymerized. Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) acrylate dentures are made from factory blocks of dental acrylates and show optimal mechanical and physical properties, undoubtedly better monomer polymerization and thus biocompatibility, and stability of the shape and colour of the base and dentures. Regardless of the number of advantages that these polymers have to offer, they also exhibit certain disadvantages. Technological development enables the enhancement of all acrylate properties to respond better to the demands of the profession. Special attention should be paid to improving the biological characteristics of acrylate polymers, due to reported adverse reactions of patients and dental staff to potentially toxic substances released during their preparation and use. 
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Acrylic Bone Cements
Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. Most of the commercial ABCs available today consist of two components, one solid, based mainly on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and one liquid, based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), which are mixed and, through the polymerization reaction of the monomer, transformed into a hardened cement paste. 
  • 2.4K
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
ACSL3 and ACSL4 in Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis involves cell metabolism, regulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and iron metabolism. To trigger ferroptosis, specific lipids must undergo peroxidation, and the natural defense mechanisms that prevent the accumulation of peroxidized lipids must be compromised. Acyl CoA synthetase (ACSLs) play an important role in tissue cell metabolism, and different isoforms have different tissue distributions and substrate preferences, which regulate different intracellular lipid compositions. Among these five isoforms, ACSL3 and ACSL4 have been shown to participate in ferroptosis. In addition, ACSL4 is a positive regulator in ferroptosis, whereas ACSL3 contributes to cancer cells acquiring ferroptosis resistance.
  • 651
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
ACT Therapy for Solid Tumors
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has emerged as a promising therapy for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic solid tumors. One challenge to finding a universal anticancer treatment is the heterogeneity present between different tumors as a result of genetic instability associated with tumorigenesis. As the epitome of personalized medicine, TIL-ACT bypasses the issue of intertumoral heterogeneity by utilizing the patient’s existing antitumor immune response. Despite being one of the few therapies capable of inducing durable, complete tumor regression, many patients fail to respond. Recent research has focused on increasing therapeutic efficacy by refining various aspects of the TIL protocol, which includes the isolation, ex vivo expansion, and subsequent infusion of tumor specific lymphocytes.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Actinic Cheilosis
Actinic cheilitis is cheilitis (lip inflammation) caused by long term sunlight exposure. Essentially it is a burn, and a variant of actinic keratosis which occurs on the lip. It is a premalignant condition, as it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (a type of mouth cancer).
  • 236
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Action Sports
In the last two decades, non-traditional sports activities characterized by elements such as speed, height, and exposure to natural forces knew a rapid increase in global participation. They are generally referred to as action sports (AS), with the terms adventure sports or extreme sports that could be used as interchangeable synonyms.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Actionable Mutations Detected via ddPCR
Liquid biopsies are considered a good alternative and complementary tool for cancer management. The study of specific biomarkers by high throughput techniques could guide clinicians in the monitoring of disease evolution during the administration of targeted therapies. Although ddPCR has demonstrated its high sensitivity and specificity rates for detecting rare actionable mutations, further studies are required to implement it in all clinical laboratories for precision medicine.
  • 415
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Activation-Inhibition Coordination in Neuron, Brain, and Behavior Sequencing/Organization
Activation-inhibition coordination is considered a dynamic process that functions as a common mechanism in the synchronization and functioning of neurons, brain, behavior, and their sequencing/organization, including over these different scales. The concept has broad applicability, for example, in applications to maladaptivity/atypicality. Young developed the hypothesis to help explain the efficacy of right-hand reaching to grasp in 1-month-olds, a study that implicated that the left hemisphere is specialized for activation-inhibition coordination. This underlying left-hemisphere function, noted to characterize the left hemisphere right from birth, can explain equally its language and fine motor skills, for example. The right hemisphere appears specialized for less complex inhibitory skills, such as outright damping/inhibition. The hypotheses related to inhibition and hemispheric specialization that appear in the literature typically refer to right hemisphere skills in these regards.
  • 400
  • 17 Nov 2022
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