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Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Iron Overload and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). The mechanisms of iron-overloading-associated HCC development include the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation cytokines, dysregulated hepcidin, and ferroportin metabolism.
  • 587
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidants in Diabetes, Vascular Injury, Hypoxia, Atherosclerosis, Allergies
Oxidative and reductive stress are deviations from the optimal conditions when the capacity of cellular redox buffer systems is exceeded. Both conditions are harmful for cellular function and viability. Antioxidant systems include small molecules, such as ascorbate, α-tocopherol, GSH, many food additives and spices, the enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), proteins peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins and others.
  • 208
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neurological Emergencies,  Endocrinological Emergencies and Vascular Emergencies
It is now known that cancer is a major public health problem; on the other hand, it is less known, or rather, often underestimated, that a significant percentage of cancer patients will experience a cancer-related emergency. 
  • 142
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Elastodontic Appliances
The term “functional appliance” refers to a lot of orthodontic appliances initially designed primarily to correct Class II malocclusion; their use received much acclaim in Europe in the 20th century but not in the USA, where Angle’s philosophy, which put in the foreground the need to achieve an ideal dental occlusion with a fixed multibrackets device, was preferred. Elastodontics, therefore, aims to solve skeletal and functional problems in the growth period. Still, at the same time, it represents an extraordinary instrument to readjust the vertical dimension in the adult patient for prosthetic purposes. Elastodontics is a new therapeutic approach that uses removable appliances made with an elastomeric material to produce light and elastic forces to correct malocclusion, aligning them and reducing potential risk factors that can affect growth. This therapy simplifies or eliminates a possible and subsequent orthodontic intervention because it facilitates balanced growth, reduces the number of extractions, and increases stability during treatment. If you change the function through the re-education of behaviour, you will also change the shape. The main purpose of the functional treatment is to “guide” the proper growth of the bone bases by stimulating the perioral muscles and neuromuscular system.
  • 519
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Potential Role of Toll-like Receptors in Schizophrenia
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. Such changes due to TLRs are shown to be associated with alterations in cognitive functions in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia is one such disorder where multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to alterations associated with TLRs.
  • 350
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Psoriatic Patients and Obesity
Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin condition, has a high incidence in the general population, reaching 2–4%. Its pathogenesis involves an interplay of genetic factors, immune disturbances, and environmental factors. Within the environmental factors that aid the appearance of this autoimmune skin disease, the Western lifestyle and overall diet play important roles in the steady growth in psoriasis prevalence. Furthermore, psoriasis is associated with comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is an important risk factor for psoriasis. 
  • 214
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration Factors as Phytocheimcals Targets
Aging is a normal process in the life of any species. Still, some individuals experience early or premature aging and, thus, advanced age-associated diseases impacting the quality of their life, accompanied by enormous economic and social burdens. Therefore, it would be rational to mitigate aging processes, not only to support healthy aging but also to hamper age-associated diseases. During aging, different functional systems are affected interactively. These include the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, immune system, and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the musculoskeletal system is prone to progressive weakening, causing movement problems that could intensify the aforementioned complications and increase the risk of all types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
  • 299
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Vesicular Nanoformulations for Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can be classified into melanomas from melanocytes and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from the epidermally-derived cell. The vesicular nanocarrier system is one of the most preferred delivery systems and is helpful in immunology, membrane biology, diagnostics, and, most recently, genetic engineering.
  • 690
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
New Subtypes of B-ALL Introduced in WHO-HAEM5
B-ALL with iAMP21 and B-ALL with Ph-like features were upgraded from provisional to definite subtypes of ALL. B-ALL with TCF3::HLF fusion was included as a new subtype of B-ALL; all three of these subtypes have been discussed above. This research briefly describes the other new genetic subtypes of B-ALL in WHO-HAEM5.
  • 515
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Hydrogel for Dermal Infections
Transdermal patches and various semisolid dosage forms, including hydrogels, are widely recognized delivery strategies for addressing dermal conditions. Hydrogels have been extensively investigated and reported in scientific research. Three-dimensional network architectures are developed by these hydrogels’ hydrophilic polymer chain composition that absorb and hold enormous quantities of liquid or physiological fluids. Moreover, the properties and performance of hydrogels are significantly affected by the structure of their molecules. Crosslinking agents and polymer chains are the two main constituents of hydrogels. There are both natural and artificial polymer chains in hydrogels. Natural polymers commonly used in hydrogel formulations include agarose, alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose derivatives. 
  • 297
  • 14 Aug 2023
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