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Topic Review
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance in Pregnancy
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM), classified as an inherited aminoaciduria, caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene, leading to a defective cationic amino acid transport. The metabolic adaptations to the demands of pregnancy and delivery cause significant physiological stress, so those patients affected by IEM are at greater risk of decompensation.
  • 325
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cosmetic Properties of Plant Extract-Derived Carbon Dots
Plant extract-derived carbon dots (C-dots) have emerged as promising components for sustainability and natural inspiration to meet consumer demands. Plant extract-derived C-dots offer distinct advantages over conventional synthetic materials by taking advantage of the inherent properties of plants, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV protective properties. 
  • 239
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nutraceuticals and Diet for Primary Headaches
Headache disorders are a significant global health burden, leading to reduced quality of life. Nutraceuticals are defined as any substance that is a food or part if a food and provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. Although evidence of the efficacy of many products remains debatable, their use is widespread.
  • 274
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transcriptomic Analysis in Heart Failure
Heart failure constitutes a clinical complex syndrome with different symptomatic characteristics depending on age, sex, race and ethnicity, among others, which has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence. One of the most interesting tools seeking to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this pathology has focused on finding new molecular biomarkers since heart failure relies on deficient cardiac homeostasis, which is regulated by a strict gene expression. Therefore, currently, analyses of non-coding RNA transcriptomics have been oriented towards human samples. 
  • 133
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Herbal Treatments for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a complex disease for which pharmacological treatment does not guarantee success or cure. Plants possess phytochemical components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, mainly coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Several studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds from plants can exert anti-tumor activity through various signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, autophagy, modification of the tumor microenvironment, cell arrest, and the suppression of angiogenesis.
  • 225
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Side Effects Mechanism of CAR-T Cell Therapy
T cells can be genetically engineered to host chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can enable the identification and elimination of cancer cells. CARs usually consist of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv, extracellular ligand-binding domain), a spacer domain, a transmembrane region, and intracellular domains. Numerous CAR-T cell treatments have demonstrated exceptional clinical success in treating hematologic malignancies and displayed the immense promise of this ground-breaking technique for cancer immunotherapy. The main impediments to the development of CAR-T cell therapies are the following: cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune-effector-cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and on-target/off-tumor toxicity (OTOT).
  • 197
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Gut Microbiome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for approximately 85–90% of all cases of liver cancer worldwide. The gut microbiome can serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker for early HCC detection and may also impact the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
  • 498
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic Evaluation of Crush Syndrome
Crush syndrome (CS), also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is a syndrome with a wide clinical spectrum; it is caused by external compression, which often occurs in earthquakes, wars, and traffic accidents, especially in large-scale disasters. A series of clinical complications caused by crush syndrome, including hyperkalemia, myoglobinuria, and, in particular, acute kidney injury (AKI), is the main cause of death in crush syndrome. The early diagnosis of crush syndrome, the correct evaluation of its severity, and accurate predictions of a poor prognosis can provide personalized suggestions for rescuers to carry out early treatments and reduce mortality. 
  • 240
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Use of AI to Monitor Antiplatelet Therapy
Platelets play a critical role in blood clotting and the development of arterial blockages. Antiplatelet therapy is vital for preventing recurring events in conditions like coronary artery disease and strokes. However, there is a lack of comprehensive guidelines for using antiplatelet agents in elective neurosurgery. Continuing therapy during surgery poses a bleeding risk, while discontinuing it before surgery increases the risk of thrombosis. Discontinuation is recommended in neurosurgical settings but carries an elevated risk of ischemic events. Conversely, maintaining antithrombotic therapy may increase bleeding and the need for transfusions, leading to a poor prognosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in making difficult decisions regarding antiplatelet therapy. 
  • 224
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe vascular complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Patients with CTD may develop PH belonging to diverse groups: (1) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), (2) PH due to left heart disease, (3) secondary PH due to lung disease and/or hypoxia and (4) chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). PAH most often develops in systemic scleroderma (SSc), mostly in its limited variant. PAH-CTD is a progressive disease characterized by poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis should be established.
  • 418
  • 13 Oct 2023
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