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Topic Review
Alterations in the Intestinal Microbiota in ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by varying degrees of difficulty in social interaction and communication. These deficits are often associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, indicating alterations in both intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic activities. The intestinal microbiota influences the function and development of the nervous system.
  • 187
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Bone Health and Healing
Skeletal tissue displays sex differences in morphology and physiological function, which can have an impact on bone healing [25]. For example, men tend to have stronger and larger bones compared to women, which can make them more resilient to injury and less prone to fractures. Moreover, in females, the risk of developing osteoporosis sharply increases after menopause, while the occurrence of osteoporosis in men progressively rises with age, and this represents a fundamental issue.
  • 427
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Association of Inflammatory Cytokine Genes with Depression
Depressive disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases. The etiology, precise pathophysiological mechanisms, response to treatment, and outcome of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. The cytokine hypothesis of depression proposes that pro-inflammatory cytokines acting as neuromodulators are a key factor mediating behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical changes in this disease.
  • 369
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Symptoms and Treatments of COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a member of the Coronaviridae family, with a 29 kb single-stranded RNA genome. It employs its structural spike (S) glycoprotein to attach to the ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor protein on the surface of the host cell. The S protein is composed of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit is responsible for interaction with ACE-2, while the S2 subunit is involved in fusion with the cell. The very high affinity of protein S for ACE-2 is largely responsible for the increased infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other related viruses, such as SARS-CoV. This entry offers a general overview of the symptoms and treatments of COVID-19.
  • 355
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
EGFR-TKIs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Almost 17% of Western patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Del19 and L858R are the most-common ones; they are positive predictive factors for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Osimertinib, a third-generation TKI, is the standard first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC patients with common EGFR mutations.
  • 166
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fractalkine in Cardiovascular Disease
Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine, present as a transmembrane protein on the endothelium, or following cleavage as a soluble ligand, attracting leukocyte subsets expressing the corresponding receptor CX3CR1.  Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients undergoing primary PCI. Moreover, inhibition of CX3CR1 with an allosteric small molecule antagonist (KAND567) in the rat MI model reduces acute infarct size, inflammation, and intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH). 
  • 501
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Treated Glioblastoma Evaluation
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the evaluation of post-treatment changes, both in the immediate post-operative period and during follow-up. There are many different treatment’s lines and many different neuroradiological findings according to the treatment chosen and the clinical timepoint at which MRI is performed. Structural MRI is often insufficient to correctly interpret and define treatment-related changes. For that, advanced MRI modalities, including perfusion and permeability imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are increasingly utilized in clinical practice to characterize treatment effects more comprehensively.
  • 264
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanotechnology and Metal Nanoparticles for Wound Healing
Wound healing is an intricate physiological process consisting of a series of molecular and cellular events that facilitate the regeneration of the skin, a protective barrier against the external environment. Since its inception, hydrogels have advanced the field of wound healing, insofar as to promote damaged tissue healing within a hydrated milieu. As well, the integration of therapeutic nanoparticles (NP) and biomolecules into hydrogels for local wound application has been shown to enhance and accelerate healing. 
  • 386
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Dysregulation of mir-106a in Non-Cancer Diseases
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of non-coding RNA with extensive regulatory functions within cells. MiR-106a is recognized for its super-regulatory roles in vital processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression at the translation and even transcription levels. miRNAs are critical regulators of biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, apoptosis, and modulation of the host response to viral infection.
  • 370
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
FDA Approved Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an innovative family of agents assembled through linking cytotoxic drugs (payloads) covalently to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be delivered to tumor tissue that express their particular antigen, with the theoretical advantage of an augmented therapeutic ratio.
  • 204
  • 03 Aug 2023
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