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Topic Review
Pharmacological Activities of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus
Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu (E. sessiliflorus), a member of the Araliaceae family, is a valuable plant widely used for medicinal and dietary purposes. The tender shoots of E. sessiliflorus are commonly consumed as a staple wild vegetable. The fruits of E. sessiliflorus, known for their rich flavor, play a crucial role in the production of beverages and fruit wines. The root barks of E. sessiliflorus are renowned for their therapeutic effects, including dispelling wind and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, promoting blood circulation, and removing stasis. To compile a comprehensive collection of information on E. sessiliflorus, extensive searches were conducted in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and CNKI. 
  • 260
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Targeted Strategies for Degradation of Key Transmembrane Proteins in Cancer
Targeted protein degradation is an attractive technology for cancer treatment due to its ability to overcome the unpredictability of the small molecule inhibitors that cause resistance mutations. Various targeted protein degradation strategies have been developed based on the ubiquitin–proteasome system in the cytoplasm or the autophagy–lysosomal system during endocytosis. Here describe technologies for the targeted inhibition and targeted degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the major transmembrane proteins responsible for the onset and progression of many types of cancer.
  • 422
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Neonatal Hemostasis System Peculiarities and Neonatal Thrombosis
Newborns are the most vulnerable patients for thrombosis development among all children, with critically ill and premature infants being in the highest risk group. The upward trend in the rate of neonatal thrombosis could be attributed to progress in the treatment of severe neonatal conditions and the increased survival in premature babies. There are physiological differences in the hemostatic system between neonates and adults.
  • 272
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Microbiota Changes during Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Microbiota changes during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has several known causes: conditioning chemotherapy and radiation, broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, modification in nutrition status and diet, and graft-versus-host disease.
  • 136
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Inflammasomes and Colorectal Cancer
Inflammasomes are important intracellular multiprotein signaling complexes that modulate the activation of caspase-1 and induce levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in response to pathogenic microorganisms and molecules that originated from host proteins. Inflammasomes play contradictory roles in the development of inflammation-induced cancers. Based on several findings, inflammasomes can initiate and promote carcinogenesis. On the contrary, inflammasomes also exhibit anticancer effects by triggering pyroptosis and immunoregulatory functions. 
  • 202
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
miR-124-3p Microglial Exosomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Repair
Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity.
  • 280
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Applications of Cyclodextrins in Food
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a group of cyclic oligosaccharides produced from starch, consisting of a hydrophobic interior cavity and hydrophilic exterior. Cyclodextrins have gained significant and established attention as versatile carriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources in various applications, including medicine, food and cosmetics. Their toroidal structure and hydrophobic cavity render them ideal candidates for encapsulating and solubilizing hydrophobic and poorly soluble compounds. Most medicinal, food and cosmetic ingredients share the challenges of hydrophobicity and degradation that can be effectively addressed by various cyclodextrin types.
  • 351
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
First-Line Treatments for Advanced Malignant Mesothelioma
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy strongly associated with asbestos exposure. Mesotheliomas are much more common in older people with a median age at diagnosis of 72 years and a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 12%. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed.
  • 171
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Multifaceted Roles of Gold Nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been recently applied for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles (NPs), such as relative ease of synthesis in various sizes, shapes and charges, stability, high drug-loading capacity and relative availability for modification accompanied by non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, make them an ideal field of research in bio-nanotechnology. Moreover, their potential to alleviate various inflammatory factors, nitrite species, and reactive oxygen production and the capacity to deliver therapeutic agents has attracted attention for further studies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, the characteristics of GNPs and surface modification can modulate their toxicity, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and effects. 
  • 428
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Tumor-Targeted Photothermal Therapy/Photodynamic Therapy
Nanotechnology, an emerging and promising therapeutic tool, may improve the effectiveness of phototherapy (PT) in antitumor therapy because of the development of nanomaterials (NMs) with light-absorbing properties. The tumor-targeted PTs, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), transform light energy into heat and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate at the tumor site. The increase in ROS levels induces oxidative stress (OS) during carcinogenesis and disease development. Because of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) feature of copper (Cu), a vital trace element in the human body, Cu-based NMs can exhibit good near-infrared (NIR) absorption and excellent photothermal properties. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, PTT/PDT can precisely target tumor location to kill tumor cells. Moreover, multiple treatment modalities can be combined with PTT/PDT to treat a tumor using Cu-based NMs.
  • 172
  • 20 Sep 2023
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