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Topic Review
CfDNA, Sport Adaptation Predictor
Changes of circulating free plasma DNA (cfDNA) are associated with different types of tissue injury, including those induced by intensive aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Observed changes are dependent from induced inflammation, and thus it may be a potential marker for athletic overtraining. 
  • 481
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
STAT3
STAT3 is an important transcription factor that regulates cell growth and proliferation by regulating gene transcription of a plethora of genes.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
SGLT2-Inhibitors on Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) reduce adipose tissue and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with increased cardio-metabolic risks and obstructive coronary disease events in patients with T2D. Studies suggest that the amount of EAT is significantly reduced in T2D patients with SGLT2-i treatment.
  • 524
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
CNS Glial Cells FA Synthesis
The central nervous system (CNS) has an exceptionally high lipid content. The brain contains the highest diversity of lipids than any other organ. Fatty acids (FA) are essential monomeric components that define the structural diversity of lipids and determine their functional properties in the CNS. FAs and their metabolites are critical for brain homeostasis and influence many neural functions, including cell survival, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Glial cells are a highly heterogeneous population of cells and predominate the mammalian brain. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia are the major types of glial cells in the CNS. Their main function is to sustain a homeostatic environment for neuronal circuits, providing not only structural or trophic support but also controlling neuronal function and plasticity. To do so, glial cells heavily rely on transient and temporal changes in the FA and lipid metabolism.
  • 790
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Intercellular Communication with Endothelial cells
As a cellular interface between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is involved in the control of key functions including vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, leucocyte trafficking and hemostasis. EC regulatory functions require long-distance communications between ECs, circulating hematopoietic cells and other vascular cells for efficient adjusting thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, infection and immunity. This intercellular crosstalk operates through the extracellular space and is orchestrated in part by the secretory pathway and the exocytosis of Weibel Palade Bodies (WPBs), secretory granules and extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • 770
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
GATNNCDA
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalent closed loop structure. Researchers have revealed that circRNAs play an important role in human diseases. As experimental identification of interactions between circRNA and disease is time-consuming and expensive, effective computational methods are an urgent need for predicting potential circRNA–disease associations. In this study, we proposed a novel computational method named GATNNCDA, which combines Graph Attention Network (GAT) and multi-layer neural network (NN) to infer disease-related circRNAs. Specially, GATNNCDA first integrates disease semantic similarity, circRNA functional similarity and the respective Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel similarities. The integrated similarities are used as initial node features, and then GAT is applied for further feature extraction in the heterogeneous circRNA–disease graph. Finally, the NN-based classifier is introduced for prediction. The results of fivefold cross validation demonstrated that GATNNCDA achieved an average AUC of 0.9613 and AUPR of 0.9433 on the CircR2Disease dataset, and outperformed other state-of-the-art methods.
  • 306
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
AMPK
5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The heterotrimeric AMPK protein comprises three subunits, each of which has multiple phosphorylation sites, playing an important role in the regulation of essential molecular pathways. By phosphorylation of downstream proteins and modulation of gene transcription AMPK functions as a master switch of energy homeostasis in tissues with high metabolic turnover, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.
  • 569
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Receptor–Receptor Interactions and Glial Cell
The discovery that receptors from all families can establish allosteric receptor–receptor interactions and variably associate to form receptor complexes operating as integrative input units endowed with a high functional and structural plasticity has expanded our understanding of intercellular communication. Regarding the nervous system, most research in the field has focused on neuronal populations and has led to the identification of many receptor complexes representing an important mechanism to fine-tune synaptic efficiency. Receptor–receptor interactions, however, also modulate glia–neuron and glia–glia intercellular communication, with significant consequences on synaptic activity and brain network plasticity.
  • 416
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are nanosized membranous subcellular structures released by platelets, which comprise different subpopulations that differ on morphology, size, composition and cellular origin. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) work as intercellular communicators exerting their function by transporting their cargo that includes nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. pEVs have shown to mediate same functions as platelets, presenting  a great potential for the development of new treatments in the biomedical field. 
  • 560
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in bioenergetic metabolism. The intercellular transport of mitochondria, defined as horizontal mitochondrial transfer, can occur in mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, and in physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial transfer can provide an exogenous mitochondrial source, replenishing dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby improving mitochondrial faults or, as in in the case of tumor cells, changing their functional skills and response to chemotherapy.
  • 531
  • 17 Aug 2021
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