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Topic Review
Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. The transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. 
  • 388
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Resistive H2 Sensor Operating at Room Temperature
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the most competitive energy storage technologies. However, the “thermal runaway” of LIBs leads to serious safety issues. Early safety warning of LIBs is a prerequisite for the widely applications of power battery and large-scale energy storage systems. As reported, hydrogen (H2) could be generated due to the reaction of lithium metal and polymers inside the battery. The generation of H2 is some time earlier than the “thermal runaway”. Therefore, the rapid detection of trace hydrogen is the most effective method for early safety warning of LIBs. Resistive hydrogen sensors have attracted attention in recent years. In addition, they could be placed inside the LIB package for the initial hydrogen detection.
  • 297
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Electric Field Catalytic Reactions
The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. The regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled. The electric field at the single-molecule electronic scale provides a powerful theoretical weapon to explore the dynamics of individual chemical reactions. The combination of electric fields and single-molecule electronic techniques not only uncovers new principles but also results in the regulation of chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale. 
  • 484
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fatty Acid Composition in Sprouted Grains
A whole-grain diet is associated with the prevention of metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Sprouting improves the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of grains, which are important for use as raw ingredients in the food industry.
  • 309
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fine-Grained YSZ–NiO(Ni) Anode Material
Reduction–oxidation (redox) cycling of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to leakage of a fuel or standby and shutdown cycling is an issue that has attracted the attention of many research groups for a long time. The researchers mainly note the harmful effects of redox cycling on the microstructure of SOFC constituents and search for ways to mitigate or diminish them.
  • 231
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Polymer-Matrix Composites - Environmental Fatigue, Creep, Long-Term Durability
Polymer-matrix composites are widely used in engineering applications. Yet, environmental factors impact their macroscale fatigue and creep performances significantly, owing to several mechanisms acting at the microstructure level. Seawater, due to a combination of high salinity and pressures, low temperature and biotic media present, also contributes to the acceleration of fatigue and creep damage. Similarly, other liquid corrosive agents penetrate into cracks induced by cyclic loading and cause dissolution of the resin and breakage of interfacial bonds. UV radiation either increases the crosslinking density or scissions chains, embrittling the surface layer of a given matrix. Temperature cycles close to the glass transition damage the fibre–matrix interface, promoting microcracking and hindering fatigue and creep performance. The microbial and enzymatic degradation of biopolymers is also studied, with the former responsible for metabolising specific matrices and changing their microstructure and/or chemical composition. 
  • 740
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of CaPO4 Deposits
The clinical applications of CaPO4 alone were largely limited to non-load-bearing areas of the body. However, investigations have continued and researchers have begun to deposit biocompatible CaPO4 on the surface of mechanically strong but biologically inert or biotoxic materials in order to combine the benefits of various materials. For example, metal implants are used in artificial joints such as hip joints and artificial tooth roots as sufficient mechanical stability is required.  Since no metal alone causes osseointegration, i.e., they do not create a mechanically stable connection between the implant and bone tissue, they are coated with CaPO4 to create osseointegration. However, the problem of osseointegration is not limited to metals. Biodegradable polymers are also generally not bioactive. Therefore, to overcome this disadvantage, the surface of those polymers is also coated with CaPO4 and can be replaced by autogenous bone after implantation, as CaPO4 is involved in the same bone regeneration response as natural bones.
  • 319
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Catalytic Carbonylative Double Cyclization Reactions
Some examples of carbonylative double cyclization processes, which allow the one-step synthesis of complex molecular architectures from simple building blocks using the simplest and readily available C-1 unit (CO), are illustrated and discussed.
  • 329
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Development of Antifouling Strategies for Marine Applications
Marine biofouling is an undeniable challenge for aquatic systems since it is responsible for several environmental and ecological problems and economic losses. Several strategies have been developed to mitigate fouling-related issues in marine environments, including thermal stress, osmotic shock, deoxygenation, and the development of marine coatings using nanotechnology and biomimetic models, as well as the incorporation of natural compounds, peptides, bacteriophages, or specific enzymes on surfaces. 
  • 500
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics and Functionalities of Edible Films and Coatings
As a novel post-harvesting strategy, edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables offer preservation measures to meet the growing needs of hunger and agricultural management. Biopolymers, including polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, are the main sources of preparing edible films and coatings. These biomacromolecules make stable colloidal dispersions that deliver processing convenience with various formulation, blending, casting, coating, and film-forming methods.
  • 430
  • 07 Jul 2023
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