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Topic Review
Periodontal and Peri-Implant Regeneration
Periodontal and peri-implant regeneration is the technique that aims to restore the damaged tissue around teeth and implants. They are surrounded by a different apparatus, and according to it, the regenerative procedure can differ for both sites. During the last century, several biomaterials and biological mediators were proposed to achieve a complete restoration of the damaged tissues with less invasiveness and a tailored approach.
  • 723
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Putative Anticancer Compounds from Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungi
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that exist almost ubiquitously inside the various tissues of living plants where they act as an important reservoir of diverse bioactive compounds. Recently, endophytic fungi have drawn tremendous attention from researchers; their isolation, culture, purification, and characterization have revealed the presence of around 200 important and diverse compounds including anticancer agents, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and antimycotics. Many of these anticancer compounds, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, and their derivatives, are currently being used clinically for the treatment of various cancers (e.g., ovarian, breast, prostate, lung cancers, and leukemias). By increasing the yield of specific compounds with genetic engineering and other biotechnologies, endophytic fungi could be a promising, prolific source of anticancer drugs. In the future, compounds derived from endophytic fungi could increase treatment availability and cost effectiveness. 
  • 612
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
NIRS in Wild Rodents’ Research
The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method proved to be a useful tool to determine the amount of a particular food ingredient in the diet from faeces or chyme and to estimate the food quality.
  • 519
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymers
Biodegradable polymers are those which can degrade into water and carbon dioxide under normal environmental conditions through microbial action, providing compost as a simple and sustainable disposal option.
  • 937
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces
Inspired by nature, significant research efforts have been made to discover the diverse range of biomaterials for various biomedical applications such as drug development, disease diagnosis, biomedical testing, therapy, etc. Polymers as bioinspired materials with extreme wettable properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have received considerable interest in the past due to their multiple applications in anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, oil–water separation, biosensing, and effective transportation of water. Apart from the numerous technological applications for extreme wetting and self-cleaning products, recently, super-wettable surfaces based on polymeric materials have also emerged as excellent candidates in studying biological processes. 
  • 517
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Melatonin (MLT) is involved in many functions of the human body, mainly in sleeping-related disorders. It also has anti-oxidant potential and has been proven very effective in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders (SAD), which afflict some people during short winter days. Melatonin has been implicated in a range of other conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and other neurological conditions, and in certain cancers. Its poor solubility in water leads to an insufficient absorption that led scientists to investigate MLT inclusion in cyclodextrins (CDs), as inclusion of drugs in CDs is a way of increasing the solubility of many lipophilic moieties with poor water solubility. 
  • 666
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chromophoric Dendrimer-Based Materials
Dendrimers (from the Greek dendros → tree; meros → part) are macromolecules with well-defined three-dimensional and tree-like structures. Remarkably, this hyperbranched architecture is one of the most ubiquitous, prolific, and recognizable natural patterns observed in nature. 
  • 724
  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Novel Excipients Used in Modified Release Vaginal Formulations
The formulation of an ideal vaginal drug delivery system (DDS), with the requisite properties, with respect to safety, efficacy, patient compliance, aesthetics, harmonization with the regulatory requirements, and cost, requires a meticulous selection of the active ingredients and the excipients used. Novel excipients defined by diversity and multifunctionality are used in order to ameliorate drug delivery attributes. Synthetic and natural polymers are broadly used in pharmaceutical vaginal formulations (solid, semi-solid dosage forms, implantable devices, and nanomedicines) with a promising perspective in improving stability and compatibility issues when administered topically or systemically. Moreover, the use of biopolymers is aiming towards formulating novel bioactive, biocompatible, and biodegradable DDSs with a controllable drug release rate. 
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Humidity Sensors
Humidity sensors are a common type of sensors in our daily life, and play a significant role in numerous application fields ranging from humidity control for various kinds of industrial processing, agricultural moisture monitoring, and medical fields to weather forecasting, indoor humidity sensing, and domestic machine controlling, and the corresponding research has continued for more than 100 years since the 18th century. Principally, water molecules in the gas environment will adsorb onto the graphene surfaces in a graphene-based humidity sensor, which causes changes of some properties of the graphene materials, corresponding to the humidity change. Various kinds of graphene-based humidity sensors have been developed according to different sensing mechanisms or sensor configurations. This part briefly introduces seven types of sensing mechanisms commonly applied in the graphene-based humidity sensors, and the reviews on progresses of graphene-based humidity sensors working in the last three mechanisms, i.e. SAW, QCM, and optical fiber, are also included.
  • 991
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins (AMPs)
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi in crops or during storage, transport and processing of food and feed commodities, which pose serious health risks for both humans and animals. The trend of mycotoxin contamination in food and feed has reached alarming levels. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) with antifungal activity are gaining much interest as natural antifungal compounds due to their properties such as structure diversity and function, antifungal spectrum, mechanism of action, high stability and the availability of biotechnological production methods. 
  • 596
  • 14 Jan 2022
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