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Topic Review
Smart Biogenic Packaging
Smart biogenic packaging is an innovative, swiftly emerging concept, where sustainability and real-time monitoring of food are coupled together, ensuring safe and healthy food, alongside commercial and ecological prosperity. Smart biogenic packaging integrates active and intelligent packaging solutions to provide consumers with more reliable information about food product conditions. It also generates a shielding effect for the food by incorporating active substances such as antimicrobial agents in a biogenic polymer matrix.
  • 881
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Cycloadditions and Cyclization Reactions via Post-Synthetic Modification and/or One-Pot Methodologies for the Stabilization of Imine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Interest in covalent organic frameworks as high-value materials has grown steadily since their development in the 2000s. However, the great advantage that allows us to obtain these crystalline materials—the reversibility of the bonds that form the network—supposes a drawback in terms of thermal and chemical stability. Among the different strategies employed for the stabilization of imine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), cycloaddition and other related cyclization reactions are especially significant to obtain highly stable networks with extended π-delocalization and new functionalities, expanding even further the potential application of these materials. Therefore, this entry gathered the most recent research strategies for obtaining stable COFs by means of cyclization reactions, including the Povarov reaction and intramolecular oxidative cyclization reactions as well as some other recent innovative approaches.
  • 881
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluids Usage in Solar Energy
Nanofluids not only enhance (in most of the cases) the thermal efficiency, convection heat transfer coefficient, and exergy efficiency of the system but also can decrease the entropy generation of the system.
  • 881
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Electrospun PVC Nanofibers
Electrospun PVC Nanofibers means PVC nanofibers manufactured by electrospinning.
  • 879
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Zn(II) AIEgens: “Clip Approach”
 Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds display a photophysical phenomenon inwhich the aggregate state exhibits stronger emission than the isolated units. The common term of“AIEgens” was coined to describe compounds undergoing the AIE effect. Due to the recent interestin AIEgens, the search for novel hybrid organic–inorganic compounds with unique luminescenceproperties in the aggregate phase is a relevant goal. In this perspective, the abundant, inexpensive,and nontoxic d10 zinc cation offers unique opportunities for building AIE active fluorophores, sensingprobes, and bioimaging tools. Considering the novelty of the topic, relevant examples collected inthe last 5 years (2016–2021) through scientific production can be considered fully representative ofthe state-of-the-art. Starting from the simple phenomenological approach and considering differenttypological and chemical units and structures, we focused on zinc-based AIEgens offering syntheticnovelty, research completeness, and relevant applications. A special section was devoted to Zn(II)-based AIEgens for living cell imaging as the novel technological frontier in biology and medicine.
  • 879
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Microfluidics to Study Membrane Filtration
Membrane filtration processes are best known for their application in the water, oil, and gas sectors, but also in food production they play an eminent role. Filtration processes are known to suffer from a decrease in efficiency in time due to e.g., particle deposition, also known as fouling and pore blocking. Although these processes are not very well understood at a small scale, smart engineering approaches have been used to keep membrane processes running. Microfluidic devices have been increasingly applied to study membrane filtration processes and accommodate observation and understanding of the filtration process at different scales, from nanometer to millimeter and more. In combination with microscopes and high-speed imaging, microfluidic devices allow real time observation of filtration processes.
  • 879
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Van der Waals Heterostructures
van der Waals heterostructures are stacks of 2D sheets. The basal planes of each sheet are held strongly together by covalent bonding, while van der Waals forces keep them fixed in a sort of sandwich structure. It is not an underestimation that vdW structures can be projected as atomic-scale Lego blocks.
  • 878
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Proteasome Inhibitors
Proteasome inhibitors have shown relevant clinical activity in several hematological malignancies, namely in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, improving patient outcomes such as survival and quality of life, when compared with other therapies. However, initial response to the therapy is a challenge as most patients show an innate resistance to proteasome inhibitors, and those that respond to the therapy usually develop late relapses suggesting the development of acquired resistance. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition are still controversial and scarce in the literature.
  • 878
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Zirconia
Zirconia is one of the indirect metal-free restorations used in dental medicine.
  • 877
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Chemical Explosive
The vast majority of explosives are chemical explosives. Explosives usually have less potential energy than fuels, but their high rate of energy release produces a great blast pressure. TNT has a detonation velocity of 6,940 m/s compared to 1,680 m/s for the detonation of a pentane-air mixture, and the 0.34-m/s stoichiometric flame speed of gasoline combustion in air. The properties of the explosive indicate the class into which it falls. In some cases explosives can be made to fall into either class by the conditions under which they are initiated. In sufficiently large quantities, almost all low explosives can undergo a Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT). For convenience, low and high explosives may be differentiated by the shipping and storage classes.
  • 877
  • 01 Nov 2022
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