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Topic Review
Textile Electrodes for Wearable Biopotential Signal Monitoring
The technology of wearable medical equipment has advanced to the point where it is now possible to monitor the electrocardiogram and electromyogram comfortably at home. The transition from wet Ag/AgCl electrodes to various types of gel-free dry electrodes has made it possible to continuously and accurately monitor the biopotential signals. Fabrics or textiles, which were once meant to protect the human body, have undergone significant development and are now employed as intelligent textile materials for healthcare monitoring. The conductive textile electrodes provide the benefit of being breathable and comfortable.
  • 256
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electropolymerisation Technologies for Lithium–Sulphur Batteries
Lithium–sulphur batteries (LiSBs) have garnered significant attention as the next-generation energy storage device because of their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the undesirable “shuttle effect” by lithium polysulphides (LPSs) severely inhibits their practical application. To alleviate the shuttle effect, conductive polymers have been used to fabricate LiSBs owing to their improved electrically conducting pathways, flexible mechanical properties, and high affinity to LPSs, which allow the shuttle effect to be controlled. 
  • 223
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Geopolymer Composites with Self-Cleaning Capability
By geopolymer, it is meant that type of amorphous, alumino-silicate cementitious material which can be synthesized by the polycondensation reaction between a geopolymeric material and alkali polysilicates. This process is called geopolymerization. This innovative technology allows for the transformation of alumino-silicate materials into products called geopolymers or inorganic polymers. Geopolymers, therefore, represent a material developed as an environmentally friendly alternative for the construction industry, but also as a solution for exploitation, reintroduction into the economic circuit of some industrial wastes and by-products, the most common being fly ash, slag kaolin and metakaolin mostly activated with alkaline solutions based on Na2SiO3 in combination with NaOH.
  • 199
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ignition of Fires from Electrical Causes
In a number of countries, somewhere around 20% of reported building fires are due to electrical faults or failures. There can be a number of mechanisms responsible, but arcing in air and hot-surface ignitions of combustible materials are important causes. Details of these two mechanisms are reviewed. It is shown that even though arcing in air produces temperatures greatly higher than the ignition temperature of any ignitable solid, this does not always result in ignition. With regards to ignitions from hot surfaces or objects, it is shown that the area of the hot object presented to the ignitable material is a crucial variable.
  • 799
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Constituents and Morphologies of Polymeric Nanocarriers
Typically, solid colloidal particles with a diameter of less than 1000 nm are referred to as nanocarriers. However, to avoid rapid clearance after intravenous administration, prolong the circulation half-life, and at the same time increase the likelihood of crossing various biologic barriers while preventing accumulation in capillaries and healthy tissues, the most common nanoparticle size for drug delivery referred to in the literature is between 100 and 500 nm. Depending on their internal structure, polymeric nanocarriers may be further classified as nanospheres (nanoparticles) or nanocapsules (NCs).
  • 169
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Framework-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in Biosensing
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted increasing attention owing to its intrinsic advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, and low background. Considering the fact that framework nanocrystals such as metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have accurate molecular structures, a series of framework-based ECL platforms are developed for decoding emission fundamentals. The integration of fluorescent ligands into frameworks significantly improves the ECL properties due to the arrangement of molecules and intramolecular electron transfer. 
  • 154
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomass Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers
The production of conventional cement involves high energy consumption and the release of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), exacerbating climate change. Additionally, the extraction of raw materials, such as limestone and clay, leads to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. Geopolymer technology offers a promising alternative to conventional cement by utilizing industrial byproducts and significantly reducing carbon emissions.
  • 522
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lithium Metal Anodes with Three-Dimensional Lithium Hosts
Li metal has emerged as a promising anode material for high energy density batteries, due to its low electrochemical potential and high specific capacity of 3860 mAh·g−1. These characteristics make it an attractive choice for electric vehicles and power grids.
  • 333
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cement Self-Healing
Self-healing materials can repair corrosion, cracks, scratches, and other alterations independently and autonomously. This technology significantly benefits the economy, with direct consequences for social improvement in certain areas of science such as chemistry, energy, etc., by substantially increasing the life expectancy of structures and self-healing materials and significantly boosting the viability of industries as cracks and wear, in general, spontaneously disappear. 
  • 265
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Biosensors for Detection of Heavy Metals
The excessive use of pesticides and drugs, coupled with environmental pollution, has resulted in the persistence of contaminants on food. These pollutants tend to accumulate in humans through the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop rapid, low-cost, portable, and on-site biosensors for detecting food contaminants. Among various biosensors, polymer-based biosensors have emerged as promising probes for detection of food contaminants, due to their various functions such as target binding, enrichment, and simple signal reading. 
  • 310
  • 09 Aug 2023
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