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Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Poly(Propylene Carbonate)
Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is an emerging “carbon fixation” polymer that holds the potential to become a “biomaterial of choice” in healthcare owing to its good biocompatibility, tunable biodegradability and safe degradation products. Several physical, chemical and biological modifications of PPC have been achieved by introducing biocompatible polymers, inorganic ions or small molecules, which can endow PPC with better cytocompatibility and desirable biodegradability, and thus enable various applications. Indeed, a variety of PPC-based degradable materials have been used in medical applications including medical masks, surgical gowns, drug carriers, wound dressings, implants and scaffolds. 
  • 271
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Quaternized Chitosan
The natural polymer chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after chitin and has been extensively explored for preparation of versatile drug delivery systems. The presence of two distinct reactive functional groups (an amino group at C2, and a primary and secondary hydroxyl group at C3 and C6) of chitosan are involved in the transformation of expedient derivatives such as acylated, alkylated, carboxylated, quaternized and esterified chitosan. Amongst these, quaternized chitosan is preferred in pharmaceutical industries owing to its prominent features including superior water solubility, augmented antimicrobial actions, modified wound healing, pH-sensitive targeting, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It has been explored in a large realm of pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and the biomedical arena. Immense classy drug delivery systems containing quaternized chitosan have been intended for tissue engineering, wound healing, gene, and vaccine delivery. 
  • 772
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Silica Nanoparticles
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are available in many forms, including core-shell silica nanoparticles, nonporous SNPs, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN).  The advancements in nanotechnology have quickly developed a new subject with vast applications of nanostructured materials in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The enormous surface-to-volume ratio, ease of surface modification, outstanding biocompatibility, and, in the case of mesoporous nanoparticles, the tunable pore size make the SNPs a promising candidate for nano-based medical applications. 
  • 830
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of the AuNP-Liposome Nanocomposites
AuNP-liposome nanocomposites have been evaluated for several biomedical applications including imaging, sensing, cancer therapy, and light-responsive drug delivery.
  • 240
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Compositions Containing Hydroxyapatite
Regenerative medicine is becoming a rapidly evolving technique in today’s biomedical progress scenario. Scientists around the world suggest the use of naturally synthesized biomaterials to repair and heal damaged cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the potential to replace drugs in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. HAp is easily biodegradable, biocompatible, and correlated with macromolecules, which facilitates their incorporation into inorganic materials. 
  • 701
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
Biomedical Device Related Complications
In 1987, the European Society for Biomaterials coined the term “biomaterial”, defining it as a non-biological material used in medical devices with the specific purpose of interacting with biological systems. Over time, this definition of biomaterial has evolved, adapting to various contexts. Currently, biomaterials are described as materials that actively interact with biological system to assess, treat, promote healing or even replace any tissue or body function.
  • 326
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biometal
Biometals are metals normally present, in small but important and measurable amounts, in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. The metals copper, zinc, iron, and manganese are examples of metals that are essential for the normal functioning of most plants and the bodies of most animals, such as the human body. A few (calcium, potassium, sodium) are present in relatively larger amounts, whereas most others are trace metals, present in smaller but important amounts (the image shows the percentages for humans). Approximately 2/3 of the existing periodic table is composed of metals with varying properties, accounting for the diverse ways in which metals (usually in ionic form) have been utilized in nature and medicine.
  • 913
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic and Biodegradable Magnetic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Bone defects characterized by limited regenerative properties are considered a priority in surgical practice, as they are associated with reduced quality of life and high costs. In bone tissue engineering, different types of scaffolds are used. These implants represent structures with well-established properties that play an important role as delivery vectors or cellular systems for cells, growth factors, bioactive molecules, chemical compounds, and drugs. The scaffold must provide a microenvironment with increased regenerative potential at the damage site. Magnetic nanoparticles are linked to an intrinsic magnetic field, and when they are incorporated into biomimetic scaffold structures, they can sustain osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis.
  • 253
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics
Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. New trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region.
  • 467
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Cell-Derived Nanoparticles
Biomimetic cell-derived nanoparticles are attracting considerable interest due to their better biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity. Moreover, biomimetic cell-derived nanoparticles can achieve different preferred biological effects due to their inherent abundant source cell-relevant functions.
  • 267
  • 10 Jul 2023
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