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Topic Review
Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils
Biolubricants are a kind of lubricant obtained from plants (mainly vegetable oils such as cardoon, corn, palm, safflower, or rapeseed oils), which makes them biodegradable and environmentally friendly (especially important if they are spilled in the environment).  They mainly act as anti-friction media between contact surfaces.
  • 470
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Inherently Antimicrobial Nano-Systems
Inherently antimicrobial properties have been established for a number of materials, including silver, copper, and certain polymers, such as chitosan. Nanomaterials made of these inherently antimicrobial materials have attracted attention for combatting AMR because bacterial resistance to these materials is rare. However, many inherently antimicrobial nanomaterials can be cytotoxic, so they are often combined with other materials in hybrid nano-systems to increase their biocompatibility. These inherently antimicrobial nano-systems have many practical applications.
  • 875
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Alkyl Chains Impact in Polymer-Based organic Solar Cells
The research for efficient organic materials organized in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has shown a significant breakthrough. Desired structural organization can be attained through various strategies. Conjugated polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells have exhibited high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The role of side chain engineering in solution-processable conjugated polymers is taking a growing role in these record performances. 
  • 451
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Definition and Measurement of Pore Structure
Porous structure is an important three-dimensional morphological feature of the peripheral nerve guidance conduit (NGC), which permits the infiltration of cells, nutrients, and molecular signals and the discharge of metabolic waste. Porous structures with precisely customized pore sizes, porosities, and connectivities are being used to construct fully permeable, semi-permeable, and asymmetric peripheral NGCs for the replacement of traditional nerve autografts in the treatment of long-segment peripheral nerve injury.
  • 387
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanomaterials Based on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), obtained as a byproduct of the cashew industry, represents an important natural source of phenolic compounds, with important environmental benefits due to the large availability and low cost of the unique renewable starting material, that can be used as an alternative to synthetic substances in many industrial applications. The peculiarity of the functional groups of CNSL components, such as phenolic hydroxyl, the aromatic ring, acid functionality, and unsaturation(s) in the C15 alkyl side chain, permitted the design of interesting nanostructures. Cardanol (CA), anacardic acid (AA), and cardol (CD), opportunely isolated from CNSL, served as building blocks for generating an amazing class of nanomaterials with chemical, physical, and morphological properties that can be tuned in view of their applications, particularly focused on their bioactive properties.
  • 322
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Optical Imaging for Nature of Cytosolic Iron Pools
The chemical nature of intracellular labile iron pools (LIPs) is described. By virtue of the kinetic lability of these pools, it is suggested that the isolation of such species by chromatography methods will not be possible, but rather mass spectrometric techniques should be adopted. Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes, which have been developed for the detection and quantification of LIP, are described, including those specifically designed to monitor cytosolic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal LIPs. The potential of near-infrared (NIR) probes for in vivo monitoring of LIP is discussed.
  • 184
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Positronium as a Probe of Polymer Free Volume
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a valuable technique to investigate defects in solids, such as vacancy clusters and grain boundaries in metals and alloys, as well as lattice imperfections in semiconductors. In the case of polymers, PALS is able to give information on the holes forming the free volume; this quantity, is correlated to important mechanical, thermal, and transport properties of polymers. PALS supplies a quantitative measure of the free volume by probing the corresponding sub-nanometric holes. The system used is positronium (Ps), an unstable atom formed by a positron and an electron, whose lifetime can be related to the typical size of the holes.
  • 287
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electrode Materials in Hybrid Supercapacitors
Energy storage systems are of great importance in daily life due to our dependence on portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. Among these energy storage systems, hybrid supercapacitor devices, constructed from a battery-type positive electrode and a capacitor-type negative electrode, have attracted widespread interest due to their potential applications. In general, they have a high energy density, a long cycling life, high safety, and environmental friendliness.
  • 310
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Interactions of Cells and Biomaterials for Nervous System
Neural injuries affect millions globally, significantly impacting their quality of life. The inability of these injuries to heal, limited ability to regenerate, and the lack of available treatments make regenerative medicine and tissue engineering a promising field of research for developing methods for nerve repair.
  • 152
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Promising Electrode Materials in Micro-Supercapacitor Printing
The development of scientific and technological foundations for the creation of high-performance energy storage devices is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid development of microelectronics, including flexible and wearable microelectronics. Supercapacitors are indispensable devices for the power supply of systems requiring high power, high charging-discharging rates, cyclic stability, and long service life and a wide range of operating temperatures (from −40 to 70 °C). The use of printing technologies gives an opportunity to move the production of such devices to a new level due to the possibility of the automated formation of micro-supercapacitors (including flexible, stretchable, wearable) with the required type of geometric implementation, to reduce time and labour costs for their creation, and to expand the prospects of their commercialization and widespread use. 
  • 246
  • 15 Sep 2023
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